Definition of inflation and deflation. Measurement of inflation and deflation using the Consumer Prices Index (CPI). Causes of inflation: demand-pull and cost-push. Causes of deflation: demand-side and supply-side. The consequences of inflation and deflation for consumers, workers, savers, lenders, firms and the economy as a whole. The range of policies available to control inflation and deflation and how effective they might be.
Changing market conditions as causes of price changes. Demand and supply diagrams to be used to illustrate these changes in market conditions and their consequences for equilibrium price and sales.