The components of the current account of the balance of payments – trade in goods, trade in services, primary income and secondary income. Calculation of deficits and surpluses on the current account of the balance of payments and its component sections. Causes of current account deficit and surplus. Consequences of current account deficit and surplus: Impact on GDP, employment, inflation and foreign exchange rate. Policies to achieve balance of payments stability: The range of policies available to achieve balance of payments stability and how effective they might be.
The benefits of free trade for consumers, producers and the economy in a variety of countries.
The implications of misallocation of resources in respect of the over consumption of demerit goods and goods with external costs, and the under consumption of merit goods and goods with external benefits.