Reasons for differences in living standards and income distribution within and between countries.
The advantages and disadvantages of small firms, the challenges facing small firms and reasons for their existence.
The factors that affect population growth: Birth rate, death rate, net migration, immigration and emigration. Reasons for different rates of population growth in different countries: How and why birth rates, death rates and net migration vary between countries. The effects of changes in the size and structure of population on different countries: The concept of an optimum population. The effects of increases and decreases in population size and changes in the age and gender distribution of population. Note: interpretation of a population pyramid is required, but drawing is not.