Define impulse as force × time for which force acts; recall and use the equation impulse = FΔt = Δ(mv)

Recall and use the equation for kinetic energy E_k = ½mv²

Describe how the scattering of alpha (α) particles by a sheet of thin metal supports the nuclear model of the atom, by providing evidence for: (a) a very small nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space (b) a nucleus containing most of the mass of the atom (c) a nucleus that is positively charged