Reasons for differences in living standards and income distribution within and between countries.
Including income, the rate of interest and confidence – between different households and over time.
The nature and causes of changes in the pattern of employment, for example increase in proportion of workers employed in the tertiary sector and formal economy as an economy develops; a greater proportion of women in the labour force due to changes in social attitudes; decline in the proportion employed in the public sector as a country moves towards a market economy.