Possible supply-side policy measures include education and training, labour market reforms, lower direct taxes, deregulation, improving incentives to work and invest, and privatisation.

With respect to public goods, merit and demerit goods, external costs and external benefits, abuse of monopoly power and factor immobility.

Economic growth, full employment/low unemployment, stable prices/low inflation, balance of payments stability, redistribution of income. Reasons behind the choice of aims and the criteria that governments set for each aim.