Explain everyday applications using ideas about conduction, convection and radiation, including: (a) heating objects such as kitchen pans (b) heating a room by convection (c) measuring temperature using an infrared thermometer (d) using thermal insulation to maintain the temperature of a liquid and to reduce thermal energy transfer in buildings

Explain convection in liquids and gases in terms of density changes and describe experiments to illustrate convection

Describe the process of thermal energy transfer by infrared radiation and know that it does not require a medium