Describe the formation of covalent bonds in simple molecules, including \( H_2 \), \( Cl_2 \), \( H_2O \), \( CH_4 \), \( NH_3 \), \( HCl \), \( CH_3OH \), \( C_2H_4 \), \( O_2 \), \( CO_2 \) and \( N_2 \). Use dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic configurations in these and similar molecules
Describe the formation of ionic bonds between ions of metallic and non-metallic elements, including the use of dot-and-cross diagrams
State that the bonding in alkenes includes a double carbon–carbon covalent bond and that alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons