Understand osmosis as the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, through a partially permeable membrane

Explain the mechanism by which water moves upwards in the xylem in terms of a transpiration pull that draws up a column of water molecules, held together by forces of attraction between water molecules

Understand active transport as the movement of molecules or ions into or out of a cell through the cell membrane, from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration (i.e. against a concentration gradient), using energy released during respiration