Identify, on diagrams, the placenta and umbilical cord and describe their functions in relation to the exchange of dissolved nutrients, gases and excretory products between the blood of the mother and the blood of the fetus (structural details are not required)

Describe the effects of tobacco smoke and its major toxic components (nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide): strong association with bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer, heart disease, and the association between smoking during pregnancy and reduced birth weight of the baby