the challenges of international trade to exporters and importers: distance, language, methods of payment, documentation, transport, customs duties, non-payment, currencies, foreign exchange rates, competition and different legal systems
identifying the different types of costs used in trade, commerce and production: advertising, bank charges, commission, customs duties, inventory, labour, packaging, transport, utilities and warehousing
the appropriateness of factors affecting choice of method of transport in given situations: nature of goods, urgency, cost, security, distance and reliability of transporter