Understand how packets are transmitted between two hosts for a given topology. Justify the use of a topology for a given situation. Including the use of public and private clouds. Benefits and drawbacks of cloud computing. Describe the characteristics of copper cable, fibre-optic cable, radio waves (including WiFi), microwaves, satellites. Including switch, server, Network Interface Card (NIC), Wireless Network Interface Card (WNIC), Wireless Access Points (WAP), cables, bridge, repeater. Including Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD). Methods of bit streaming, i.e. real-time and on-demand. Importance of bit rates broadband speed on bit streaming. Including modems, PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network), dedicated lines, cell phone network. Including: format of an IP address including IPv4 and IPv6, use of subnetting in a network, how an IP address is associated with a device on a network, difference between a public IP address and a private IP address and the implications for security, difference between a static IP address and a dynamic IP address.

Show understanding of how data are transferred between various components of the computer system using the address bus, data bus and control bus