Methods and uses of batch processing, including: utility bills, credit card and debit card accounts, customer accounts, master and transaction files and their use in payroll and customer orders, the steps involved in sequentially updating a master file using a transaction file

Methods and uses of validation and verification, including: validation: presence check, range check, type check, length check, format check, check digit, lookup check, consistency check, limit check; verification: visual checking and double data entry, parity check, checksum, hash total, control total