Strategies to minimise risks, including: use of protection for power supplies, use of password and access controls for data and file protection, protection of data and software from malware, unauthorised access, use of back-up strategies

Preventing misuse of personal data, including: how personal data can be kept secure, including network security measures, how personal data can be gathered by unauthorised persons (smishing, visiting, phishing and pharming) and how this might be prevented, including firewalls (hardware and software)