Methods and uses of validation and verification, including: validation: presence check, range check, type check, length check, format check, check digit, lookup check, consistency check, limit check; verification: visual checking and double data entry, parity check, checksum, hash total, control total

Testing data the need to choose appropriate test data, select appropriate test data to use in the test plan, including using: normal data, extreme data, abnormal data

Test data, including: the types and purpose of test data