explain that crossing over and random orientation (independent assortment) of pairs of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids during meiosis produces genetically different gametes

explain the relationship between genes, proteins and phenotype with respect to the: • TYR gene, tyrosinase and albinism • HBB gene, haemoglobin and sickle cell anaemia • F8 gene, factor VIII and haemophilia • HTT gene, huntingtin and Huntington’s disease