describe the structure of a molecule of haemoglobin as an example of a globular protein, including the formation of its quaternary structure from two alpha (α) chains (α-globin), two beta (β) chains (β-globin) and a haem group
explain the relationship between genes, proteins and phenotype with respect to the: • TYR gene, tyrosinase and albinism • HBB gene, haemoglobin and sickle cell anaemia • F8 gene, factor VIII and haemophilia • HTT gene, huntingtin and Huntington’s disease
describe the principle of the universal genetic code in which different triplets of DNA bases either code for specific amino acids or correspond to start and stop codons