explain how companion cells transfer assimilates to phloem sieve tubes, with reference to proton pumps and cotransporter proteins

describe the roles of phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids, proteins and glycoproteins in cell surface membranes, with reference to stability, fluidity, permeability, transport (carrier proteins and channel proteins), cell signalling (cell surface receptors) and cell recognition (cell surface antigens – see 11.1.2)