describe the role of red blood cells in transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide with reference to the roles of: • haemoglobin • carbonic anhydrase • the formation of haemoglobinic acid • the formation of carbaminohaemoglobin

explain the mode of action of enzymes in terms of an active site, enzyme–substrate complex, lowering of activation energy and enzyme specificity, including the lock-and-key hypothesis and the induced-fit hypothesis

investigate the difference in activity between an enzyme immobilised in alginate and the same enzyme free in solution, and state the advantages of using immobilised enzymes