explain the advantages of using recombinant human proteins to treat disease, using the examples insulin, factor VIII and adenosine deaminase

explain the roles of restriction endonucleases, DNA ligase, plasmids, DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase in the transfer of a gene into an organism

describe the semi-conservative replication of DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle, including: • the roles of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase (knowledge of other enzymes in DNA replication in cells and different types of DNA polymerase is not expected) • the differences between leading strand and lagging strand replication as a consequence of DNA polymerase adding nucleotides only in a 5’ to 3’ direction