explain the mode of action of enzymes in terms of an active site, enzyme–substrate complex, lowering of activation energy and enzyme specificity, including the lock-and-key hypothesis and the induced-fit hypothesis

describe the molecular structure of the polysaccharide cellulose and outline how the arrangement of cellulose molecules contributes to the function of plant cell walls

describe and draw the general structure of an amino acid and the formation and breakage of a peptide bond