describe the semi-conservative replication of DNA during the S phase of the cell cycle, including: • the roles of DNA polymerase and DNA ligase (knowledge of other enzymes in DNA replication in cells and different types of DNA polymerase is not expected) • the differences between leading strand and lagging strand replication as a consequence of DNA polymerase adding nucleotides only in a 5’ to 3’ direction

describe and explain the steps involved in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clone and amplify DNA, including the role of Taq polymerase