describe the cardiac cycle, with reference to the relationship between blood pressure changes during systole and diastole and the opening and closing of valves

describe the features of the endocrine system with reference to the hormones ADH, glucagon and insulin (see 14.1.8, 14.1.9 and 14.1.10)

explain the principles of operation of test strips and biosensors for measuring the concentration of glucose in blood and urine, with reference to glucose oxidase and peroxidase enzymes