illustrate the principle that surface area to volume ratios decrease with increasing size by calculating surface areas and volumes of simple 3-D shapes (as shown in the Mathematical requirements)
outline key structural features of a prokaryotic cell as found in a typical bacterium, including: • unicellular • generally 1–5 μm diameter • peptidoglycan cell walls • circular DNA • 70S ribosomes • absence of organelles surrounded by double membranes
calculate magnifications of images and actual sizes of specimens from drawings, photomicrographs and electron micrographs (scanning and transmission)