Older MCQs might not have the typical A, B, C,
D
choices. They
have choices 1, 2, 3, and a combination of them is the answer. Below is the key that maps such
combinations to the answer.
A
1, 2 and 3 are correct
B
1 and 2 only are correct
C
2 and 3 only are correct
D
1 only is correct
recall the reaction (reagents and conditions) by which esters can be produced: (a) the condensation reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid with concentrated \( H_2SO_4 \) as catalyst
describe: (a) the redox reaction with reactive metals to produce a salt and H\(_2\)(g) (b) the neutralisation reaction with alkalis to produce a salt and H\(_2\)O(l) (c) the acid–base reaction with carbonates to produce a salt and H\(_2\)O(l) and CO\(_2\)(g) (d) esterification with alcohols with concentrated H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) as catalyst (e) reduction by LiAlH\(_4\) to form a primary alcohol
describe: (a) the reduction of aldehydes and ketones using NaBH\(_4\) or LiAlH\(_4\) to produce alcohols (b) the reaction of aldehydes and ketones with HCN, KCN as catalyst, and heat to produce hydroxymitriles as exemplified by ethanol and propanone
