define and use the terms: (a) standard conditions (this syllabus assumes that these are 298 K and 101 kPa) shown by \(^\circ\). (b) enthalpy change with particular reference to: reaction, \(\Delta H_r\), formation, \(\Delta H_f\), combustion, \(\Delta H_c\), neutralisation, \(\Delta H_{neut}\)
describe and interpret, in terms of changes in oxidation number, the reaction of chlorine with cold and with hot aqueous sodium hydroxide and recognise these as disproportionation reactions
understand that neutralisation reactions occur when \( H^+( ext{aq}) \) and \( OH^-( ext{aq}) \) form \( H_2O(l) \)