describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is: (a) giant ionic, including sodium chloride and magnesium oxide (b) simple molecular, including iodine, buckminsterfullerene \( C_{60} \) and ice (c) giant molecular, including silicon(IV) oxide, graphite and diamond (d) giant metallic, including copper

describe qualitatively (and indicate the periodicity in) the variations in atomic radius, ionic radius, melting point and electrical conductivity of the elements

describe, and write equations for, the reactions, if any, of the oxides Na₂O, MgO, Al₂O₃, SiO₂, P₄O₁₀, SO₂ and SO₃ with water including the likely pHs of the solutions obtained