describe, in simple terms, the lattice structure of a crystalline solid which is: (a) giant ionic, including sodium chloride and magnesium oxide (b) simple molecular, including iodine, buckminsterfullerene \( C_{60} \) and ice (c) giant molecular, including silicon(IV) oxide, graphite and diamond (d) giant metallic, including copper

describe the colours and the trend in volatility of chlorine, bromine and iodine

suggest the types of chemical bonding present in the chlorides and oxides from observations of their chemical and physical properties