recognise the environmental consequences of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen and unburnt hydrocarbons arising from the combustion of alkanes in the internal combustion engine and of their catalytic removal

define and use the terms: (a) standard conditions (this syllabus assumes that these are 298 K and 101 kPa) shown by \(^\circ\). (b) enthalpy change with particular reference to: reaction, \(\Delta H_r\), formation, \(\Delta H_f\), combustion, \(\Delta H_c\), neutralisation, \(\Delta H_{neut}\)