recall the reactions (reagents and conditions) by which aldehydes and ketones can be produced: (a) the oxidation of primary alcohols using acidified \( K_2Cr_2O_7 \) or acidified \( KMnO_4 \) and distillation to produce aldehydes (b) the oxidation of secondary alcohols using acidified \( K_2Cr_2O_7 \) or acidified \( KMnO_4 \) and distillation to produce ketones

describe: (a) the redox reaction with reactive metals to produce a salt and H\(_2\)(g) (b) the neutralisation reaction with alkalis to produce a salt and H\(_2\)O(l) (c) the acid–base reaction with carbonates to produce a salt and H\(_2\)O(l) and CO\(_2\)(g) (d) esterification with alcohols with concentrated H\(_2\)SO\(_4\) as catalyst (e) reduction by LiAlH\(_4\) to form a primary alcohol