recall and use W = pΔV for the work done when the volume of a gas changes at constant pressure and understand the difference between the work done by the gas and the work done on the gas

understand that a gas obeying pV ∝ T, where T is the thermodynamic temperature, is known as an ideal gas

understand that internal energy is determined by the state of the system and that it can be expressed as the sum of a random distribution of kinetic and potential energies associated with the molecules of a system