explain how molecular movement causes the pressure exerted by a gas and derive and use the relationship pV = ⅓Nm < c² >, where < c² > is the mean-square speed (a simple model considering one-dimensional collisions and then extending to three dimensions using ⅓ < c² > = < cx² > is sufficient)

recall and use W = pΔV for the work done when the volume of a gas changes at constant pressure and understand the difference between the work done by the gas and the work done on the gas