understand the use of the time-base and y-gain of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (CRO) to determine frequency and amplitude

show an understanding of experiments that demonstrate stationary waves using microwaves, stretched strings and air columns (it will be assumed that end corrections are negligible; knowledge of the concept of end corrections is not required)

describe the use of a diffraction grating to determine the wavelength of light (the structure and use of the spectrometer are not included)