recall and use the equation of state for an ideal gas expressed as pV = nRT, where n = amount of substance (number of moles) and as pV = NkT, where N = number of molecules

explain how molecular movement causes the pressure exerted by a gas and derive and use the relationship pV = ⅓Nm < c² >, where < c² > is the mean-square speed (a simple model considering one-dimensional collisions and then extending to three dimensions using ⅓ < c² > = < cx² > is sufficient)