9701_w19_qp_43
A paper of Chemistry, 9701
Questions:
9
Year:
2019
Paper:
4
Variant:
3
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1
An electrochemical cell is constructed using two half-cells. ● ● an Sn4+/Sn2+ half-cell ● ● an Al 3+/Al half-cell State the material used for the electrode in each half-cell. ● ● Sn4+/Sn2+ half-cell ● ● Al 3+/Al half-cell  The cell is operated at 298 K. The Al 3+/Al half-cell has standard concentrations. The Sn4+/Sn2+ half-cell has [Sn4+] = 0.300 mol dm–3 and [Sn2+] = 0.150 mol dm–3. Use the Nernst equation to calculate the electrode potential, E, of the Sn4+/Sn2+ half‑cell under these conditions.  E = V Calculate the Ecell under these conditions.  Ecell = V Write an equation for the overall cell reaction that occurs. Aluminium is produced industrially by electrolysis of a melt containing large amounts of Al 3+ions. Calculate the mass of aluminium that is obtained when a current of 300 000 A is passed for 24hours. Give your answer to three significant figures.  mass = units =  Explain why chromium metal cannot be obtained by the electrolysis of dilute aqueous chromium(sulfate. Your answer should include data from the Data Booklet. 
9. The Periodic Table: chemical periodicity  →  9.2. Periodicity of chemical properties of the elements in Period 3
11. Group 17  →  11.4. The reactions of chlorine
14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes
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When Cl NO2 reacts with NO an equilibrium is established. Cl NO2+ NONO2+ Cl NOIn each Cl NO2 molecule the nitrogen atom is bonded to the chlorine atom and bonded to each of the oxygen atoms separately. Draw a ‘dot-and-cross’ diagram for the Cl NO2 molecule.  The reaction between Cl NO2 and NO is first order with respect to each reactant. Write the rate equation for this reaction. rate = Deduce the units of the rate constant, k, when the concentrations of both gases are measured in mol dm–3 and the rate is measured in mol dm–3 s–1. State and explain whether or not the reaction could take place in a single step. An experiment is carried out in which the initial [Cl NO2] is 2.0×10–4 mol dm–3. A large excess of NO is used. The initial rate of reaction is 1.0×10–4 mol dm–3 s–1. The rate of the reaction is assumed to be constant for the first 0.20seconds. Draw a graph on the grid to show how the concentration of Cl NO2 varies for the first 0.20seconds. 3.0 × 10–4 2.5 × 10–4 2.0 × 10–4 1.5 × 10–4 1.0 × 10–4 0.5 × 10–4 0.05 0.10 0.15 [Cl NO2] / mol dm–3 time / s 0.20 0.25  Deduce the concentration of the NO2 product at 0.20seconds. After 20seconds the concentration of Cl NO2 remains constant. Explain this observation. 
7. Equilibria  →  7.1. Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.1. Rate of reaction
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Explain what is meant by the term entropy of a system. State and explain whether the entropy change of each of the following processes is positive or negative. Do not consider the entropy change of the surroundings. ● ● liquid water at 80 °C is cooled to 60 °C The entropy change is because ● ● solid calcium chloride is added to water and the mixture is stirred The entropy change is because ● ● the change corresponding to the lattice energy of calcium chloride, ΔHlatt CaCl 2, takes place The entropy change is because  The reaction ZnCO3ZnO+ CO2is not spontaneous at room temperature. Give the full name for the term ΔG o. Describe how the temperature at which the reaction becomes spontaneous can be calculated. Include an equation in your answer. equation  
5. Chemical energetics  →  5.1. Enthalpy change, \(\Delta H\)
8. Reaction kinetics  →  8.2. Effect of temperature on reaction rates and the concept of activation energy
7. Equilibria  →  7.1. Chemical equilibria: reversible reactions, dynamic equilibrium
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Phenylethanone is an important chemical with many uses. phenylethanone CH3 C O Phenylethanone can be synthesised using benzene as one of the starting materials. Identify the other reagents used and describe any essential reaction conditions. Phenylethanone is treated separately with three reagents. Complete the table, for each reagent, to give the structural formula of one organic product formed and the name of the mechanism involved. If there is no reaction you should write ‘no reaction’. reagent organic product name of mechanism chlorine gas at 10 °C in the presence of ultra-violet light a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids at 50 °C bromine water  Phenylethanone reacts with HCN in the presence of a small amount of NaCN. Name the mechanism of this reaction. Draw the mechanism of this reaction below. Include all relevant charges, dipoles, lone pairs and curly arrows. Your mechanism should show the catalytic role of CN– ions. intermediate product phenylethanone CH3 C O  Phenylethanone can be used as a starting material to make phenylethene in a two‑step synthesis. phenylethene D step 1 step 2 C C H H H phenylethanone CH3 C O Draw the structure of compound D in the box. Identify a suitable reagent for step1. Identify a suitable reagent for step2. State the number of peaks in the C-13 NMR spectrum of phenylethene. Suggest C-13 chemical shift ranges expected for the different types of carbon environment in phenylethanone. 
15. Halogen compounds  →  15.1. Halogenoalkanes
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Silver sulfide, Ag2S, is very insoluble in water. Write an expression for the solubility product, Ksp, of Ag2S. Ksp =  The solubility of Ag2Sin water at 298 K is 1.16 × 10–17 mol dm–3. Calculate the numerical value of the solubility product, Ksp, of Ag2Sat 298 K.  Ksp = Calculate the minimum volume of water needed to dissolve 1.00 g of Ag2Sunder standard conditions.  volume = dm3 Bromic(acid, HOBr, is a weak acid. Its Ka is 2.0 × 10–9 mol dm–3. Calculate the pH of 0.20 mol dm–3 HOBr.  pH = 5.0 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm–3 potassium hydroxide, KOH, are added to 20.0 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm–3 HOBr. Calculate the pH of the buffer solution produced.  pH = 
7. Equilibria  →  7.2. Brønsted–Lowry theory of acids and bases
11. Group 17  →  11.3. Some reactions of the halide ions
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The elements in Group2 include magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium. Write an equation for the change representing the first ionisation energy of magnesium. Include state symbols. Write an equation for the reaction of strontium with cold water. Include state symbols. Describe and explain the trend in reactivity observed in the reactions of these Group2 metals with cold water. The Group2 metal nitrates decompose when heated. Describe fully what is seen when anhydrous calcium nitrate is heated in a test‑tube and decomposition occurs. Write an equation for the decomposition of calcium nitrate. Describe and explain the variation in thermal stability of the Group2 metal nitrates down the group. Describe and explain the variation in the solubility of the Group2 metal sulfates down the group. 
10. Group 2  →  10.1. Similarities and trends in the properties of the Group 2 metals, magnesium to barium, and their compounds
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Manganese, chromium and ruthenium are all transition elements. Explain what is meant by a transition element. MnO4 –and Cr2O7 2–act as oxidising agents in acidic solution. Both these oxidising agents will oxidise a solution of Sn2+ to give a solution of Sn4+. Solutions containing Sn2+ and solutions containing Sn4+ are colourless. Describe the colour change seen when an excess of Sn2+is added separately to ● dilute acidified MnO4 –from to ● dilute acidified Cr2O7 2–. from to  Write an equation for the reaction between Sn2+and acidified Cr2O7 2–. Ruthenium, Ru, forms complex ions. In one such complex ion, X, the ruthenium ion has a co‑ordination number of six. Each complex ion X contains one Ru2+ ion, one Cl – ion, one SO2 molecule and the remaining ligands are NH3 molecules. The SO2 molecule acts as a monodentate ligand and is attached to the Ru2+ ion via the sulfur atom. X exists in two isomeric forms. State what is meant by a co-ordination number of six. State the formula of X. Include its charge. Draw the two isomeric forms of X in the boxes below. Your diagrams should show ● ● the three-dimensional shapes of the two isomers ● ● how each ligand is attached to the central ruthenium ion. Ru Ru  Suggest the type of isomerism shown by X. Explain the origin of colour in a transition element complex such as X. 
6. Electrochemistry  →  6.1. Redox processes: electron transfer and changes in oxidation number (oxidation state)
11. Group 17  →  11.2. The chemical properties of the halogen elements and the hydrogen halides
12. Nitrogen and sulfur  →  12.1. Nitrogen and sulfur
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Proteins are natural polymers. When one particular protein is partially hydrolysed the product mixture includes tripeptide E. tripeptide E HO HO NH3 + O O –O O O N H H N Describe the conditions that could be used to hydrolyse E to produce a mixture of three amino acids. Draw the structures of the three amino acids produced by this hydrolysis reaction. The three amino acids should be shown in the correct form for the conditions you have chosen in .  If a pure sample of E is obtained in aqueous solution, several different types of intermolecular forces are possible between pairs of E molecules. Name three different types of intermolecular force that exist between pairs of E molecules, stating the groups on the molecules where the forces are acting. type of force/bond pair of groups responsible  Polyesters and polyamides are two important types of condensation polymer. Draw the structure of a compound that can polymerise to produce a polyamide, without the need for a second monomer.  Draw the structures of two different compounds that can polymerise together to produce a polyester with four carbon atoms per repeat unit. Name the two compounds. name name  
20. Polymerisation  →  20.1. Addition polymerisation
14. Hydrocarbons  →  14.2. Alkenes
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The structure of butamben is shown. H2N O O butamben Butamben can act as a base. Complete the equation for a reaction in which butamben acts as a base. H2N O O +  Predict whether butamben is a stronger or weaker base than ammonia. Give a reason for your answer. Complete the reaction scheme below to show the structural formulae of the products formed when butamben is treated separately with the stated reagent. H2N O O Br2HNO2+ HCl 5 °C NaOHunder reflux  The proton NMR spectrum of butamben in CDCl 3 contains one or more peaks that show a triplet splitting pattern. State the number of peaks in the spectrum that show a triplet splitting pattern. On the diagram of butamben below, circle the protons responsible for the peak or peaks you identified in . H N H C C O O H H H H H H H H H C C H H H C H  Describe and explain how the proton NMR spectrum of butamben in D2O would differ from the proton NMR spectrum of butamben in CDCl 3. The mass spectrum of butamben includes peaks at m/e 92 and 57. Identify the fragments responsible for these peaks. m/e 92 = m/e 57 =  
22. Analytical techniques  →  22.2. Mass spectrometry
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