---

---

1

Which pair of quantities contains one vector and one scalar quantity?

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

1. Physical quantities and units  →  1.4. Scalars and vectors

Open

2

One property Q of a material is used to describe the behaviour of sound waves in the material. Q is defined as the pressure P of the sound wave divided by the speed v of the wave and the surface area A of the material through which the wave travels: Q = vA P . What are the SI base units of Q?

1. Physical quantities and units  →  1.2. SI units

24. Medical physics  →  24.1. Production and use of ultrasound

Open

3

A cannon fires a cannonball with an initial speed v at an angle α to the horizontal. H v α Which equation is correct for the maximum height H reached?

8. Superposition  →  8.4. The diffraction grating

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

Open

4

A wave has a frequency of 5 GHz. What is the period of the wave?

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

17. Oscillations  →  17.1. Simple harmonic oscillations

Open

5

In an experiment to determine the acceleration of free fall g, the period of oscillation T and length l of a simple pendulum were measured. The uncertainty in the measurement of l is estimated to be 4%, and the uncertainty in the measurement of T is estimated to be 1%. The value of g is determined using the formula g = T l π . What is the uncertainty in the calculated value for g ?

1. Physical quantities and units  →  1.3. Errors and uncertainties

Open

6

The Y-input terminals of a cathode-ray oscilloscope (c.r.o.) are connected to a supply of amplitude 5.0 V and frequency 50 Hz. The time-base is set at 10 ms per division and the Y-gain at 5.0 V per division. Which trace is obtained?

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

8. Superposition  →  8.4. The diffraction grating

24. Medical physics  →  24.2. Production and use of X-rays

Open

7

A body is released from rest and falls vertically in air of constant density. Which statement about the motion of the falling body is correct?

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

3. Dynamics  →  3.2. Non-uniform motion

Open

8

A goods train passes through a station at a steady speed of 10 m s–1. An express train is at rest at the station. The express train leaves the station with a uniform acceleration of 0.5 m s–2 just as the goods train goes past. Both trains move in the same direction on straight, parallel tracks. How much time passes before the express train overtakes the goods train?

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

Open

9

A car is stationary at traffic lights. When the traffic lights go green, the driver presses down sharply on the accelerator. The resultant horizontal force acting on the car varies with time as shown...

2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion

Open

10

Which of the following is a statement of the principle of conservation of momentum?

3. Dynamics  →  3.3. Linear momentum and its conservation

3. Dynamics  →  3.1. Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion

Open

11

A 2.0 kg mass travelling at 3.0 m s–1 on a frictionless surface collides head-on with a stationary 1.0 kg mass. The masses stick together on impact. 3.0 m s–1 2.0 kg 1.0 kg at rest How much kinetic energy is lost on impact?

3. Dynamics  →  3.3. Linear momentum and its conservation

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.2. Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

Open

12

A car of mass 750 kg has a horizontal driving force of 2.0 kN acting on it. It has a forward horizontal acceleration of 2.0 m s–2. resistive force driving force What is the resistive force acting horizontally?

3. Dynamics  →  3.1. Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion

3. Dynamics  →  3.2. Non-uniform motion

17. Oscillations  →  17.3. Damped and forced oscillations, resonance

Open

13

A small water droplet of mass 3.0 µg carries a charge of –6.0 × 10–11 C. The droplet is situated in the Earth’s gravitational field between two horizontal metal plates. The potential of the upper plate is +500 V and the potential of the lower plate is –500 V. 2.0 mm +500 V –500 V – water droplet with negative charge What is the motion of the droplet?

20. Magnetic fields  →  20.3. Force on a moving charge

18. Electric fields  →  18.5. Electric potential

13. Gravitational fields  →  13.4. Gravitational potential

Open

14

A horizontal bar is supported on a pivot at its centre of gravity. A fixed load is attached to one end of the bar. To keep the bar in equilibrium, a force F is applied at a distance x from the pivot. x F fixed load How does F vary with x?

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.2. Equilibrium of forces

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.1. Stress and strain

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.1. Turning effects of forces

Open

15

The diagram represents a sphere under water. P, Q, R and S are forces acting on the sphere, due to the pressure of the water. P Q S R water surface Each force acts perpendicularly to the sphere’s surface. P and R act in opposite directions vertically. Q and S act in opposite directions horizontally. Which information about the magnitudes of the forces is correct?

13. Gravitational fields  →  13.2. Gravitational force between point masses

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.2. Equilibrium of forces

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.3. Density and pressure

Open

16

A hinged trapdoor is held closed in the horizontal position by a cable. Three forces act on the trapdoor: the weight W of the door, the tension T in the cable and the force H at the hinge. wall hinge trapdoor cable W H T Which list gives the three forces in increasing order of magnitude?

20. Magnetic fields  →  20.4. Magnetic fields due to currents

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.2. Equilibrium of forces

Open

17

A solid rubber ball has a diameter of 8.0 cm. It is released from rest with the top of the ball 80 cm above a horizontal surface. It falls vertically and then bounces back up so that the maximum height reached by the top of the ball is 45 cm, as shown...

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.2. Gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

Open

18

A wind turbine has blades that sweep an area of 2000 m2. It converts the power available in the wind to electrical power with an efficiency of 50%. What is the electrical power generated if the wind speed is 10 m s–1?

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

9. Electricity  →  9.2. Potential difference and power

Open

19

The diagram shows a wheel of circumference 0.30 m. A rope is fastened at one end to a force meter. The rope passes over the wheel and supports a freely hanging load of 100 N. The wheel is driven by an electric motor at a constant rate of 50 revolutions per second. When the wheel is turning at this rate, the force meter reads 20 N. load 100 N force meter 50 rev s–1 wheel of circumference 0.30 m N What is the output power of the motor?

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

9. Electricity  →  9.2. Potential difference and power

Open

20

Which row correctly states the characteristics of the process of evaporation?

14. Temperature  →  14.2. Temperature scales

14. Temperature  →  14.3. Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat

Open

21

A bore-hole of depth 2000 m contains both oil and water as shown...

4. Forces, density and pressure  →  4.3. Density and pressure

Open

22

The stress-strain graphs for four different materials are shown...

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.1. Stress and strain

Open

23

A number of identical springs, each having the same spring constant, are joined in four arrangements. A different load is applied to each arrangement. Which arrangement has the largest extension?

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.1. Stress and strain

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.2. Elastic and plastic behaviour

Open

24

A light wave of amplitude A is incident normally on a surface of area S. The power per unit area reaching the surface is P. The amplitude of the light wave is increased to 2A. The light is then focussed on to a smaller area . 1 S What is the power per unit area on this smaller area?

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

6. Deformation of solids  →  6.2. Elastic and plastic behaviour

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

Open

25

A wave has a speed of 340 m s–1 and a period of 0.28 ms. What is its wavelength?

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

8. Superposition  →  8.1. Stationary waves

Open

26

Which line in the table summarises the change in wave characteristics on going from infra-red to ultraviolet in the electromagnetic spectrum?

7. Waves  →  7.4. Electromagnetic spectrum

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

Open

27

Light of wavelength 600 nm is incident on a pair of slits. Fringes with a spacing of 4.0 mm are formed on a screen. What will be the fringe spacing when the wavelength of the light is changed to 400 nm and the separation of the slits is doubled?

8. Superposition  →  8.3. Interference

8. Superposition  →  8.4. The diffraction grating

Open

28

The speed of a transverse wave on a stretched string can be changed by adjusting the tension of the string. A stationary wave pattern is set up on a stretched string using an oscillator set at a frequency of 650 Hz. fixed point oscillator How must the wave be changed to maintain the same stationary wave pattern if the applied frequency is increased to 750 Hz?

8. Superposition  →  8.1. Stationary waves

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

Open

29

Noise reduction headphones actively produce their own sound waves in order to cancel out external sound waves. A microphone in the headphones receives waves of one frequency. A loudspeaker in the headphones then produces a wave of that frequency but of a different phase. What is the phase difference between the external sound wave and the wave produced by the loudspeaker in the headphones?

7. Waves  →  7.3. Doppler effect for sound waves

7. Waves  →  7.1. Progressive waves

Open

30

A beam of electrons is directed into an electric field and is deflected by it. Diagram 1 represents an electric field in the plane of the paper. Diagram 2 represents an electric field directed perpendicular to the plane of the paper. The lines A, B, C and D represent possible paths of the electron beam. All paths are in the plane of the paper. Which line best represents the path of the electrons inside the field?

18. Electric fields  →  18.1. Electric fields and field lines

Open

31

Two oppositely-charged parallel plates are arranged as shown...

20. Magnetic fields  →  20.3. Force on a moving charge

18. Electric fields  →  18.2. Uniform electric fields

Open

32

A power supply of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12 V and internal resistance 2.0 Ω is connected in series with a 13 Ω resistor. 2.0 Ω 12 V 13 Ω What is the power dissipated in the 13 Ω resistor?

9. Electricity  →  9.2. Potential difference and power

5. Work, energy and power  →  5.1. Energy conservation

Open

33

When a battery is connected to a resistor, the battery gradually becomes warm. This causes the internal resistance of the battery to increase whilst its e.m.f. stays unchanged. As the internal resistance of the battery increases, how do the terminal potential difference and the output power change, if at all?

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.1. Practical circuits

9. Electricity  →  9.2. Potential difference and power

Open

34

The principles of conservation of which two quantities are associated with Kirchhoff’s first and second laws?

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.2. Kirchhoff’s laws

Open

35

A circuit is set up as shown...

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.3. Potential dividers

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.2. Kirchhoff’s laws

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.1. Practical circuits

Open

36

The diagram shows an incorrectly connected circuit. The ammeter has a resistance of 0.1 Ω and the voltmeter has a resistance of 1 MΩ. V 1 kΩ 1 MΩ 0.1 Ω 2 V A Which statement is correct?

10. D.C. circuits  →  10.1. Practical circuits

9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity

Open

37

A 12 V battery is in series with an ammeter, a 2 Ω fixed resistor and a 0 – 10 Ω variable resistor. A high-resistance voltmeter is connected across the variable resistor. A V 2 Ω 12 V 0 – 10 Ω The resistance of the variable resistor is changed from zero to its maximum value. Which graph shows how the potential difference (p.d.) measured by the voltmeter varies with the current measured by the ammeter?

19. Capacitance  →  19.3. Discharging a capacitor

9. Electricity  →  9.2. Potential difference and power

Open

38

A nickel nucleus Ni can be transformed by a process termed K-capture. In this process the nucleus absorbs an orbital electron. If no other process is involved, what is the resulting nucleus?

23. Nuclear physics  →  23.1. Mass defect and nuclear binding energy

11. Particle physics  →  11.1. Atoms, nuclei and radiation

Open

39

It was once thought that the mass of an atom is spread uniformly through the volume of the atom. When α-particles are directed at a piece of gold foil, the results led scientists to believe instead that nearly all the mass of the gold atom is concentrated at a point inside the atom. Which effect is possible only if nearly all the mass of the gold atom is concentrated at a point?

11. Particle physics  →  11.1. Atoms, nuclei and radiation

22. Quantum physics  →  22.3. Wave-particle duality

Open

40

Which pair of nuclei are isotopes of one another?

11. Particle physics  →  11.1. Atoms, nuclei and radiation

Open