9702_w23_qp_22
A paper of Physics, 9702
Questions:
7
Year:
2023
Paper:
2
Variant:
2
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1
In the following list, underline all quantities that are SI base quantities. charge electric current force time Under certain conditions, the distance s moved in a straight line by an object in time t is given by s = 1 2at 2 where a is the acceleration of the object. State two conditions under which the above expression applies to the motion of the object. The variation with time t of the velocity v of a car that is moving in a straight line is shown in . –5 –10 –15 v / m s–1 t / s Compare, qualitatively, the acceleration of the car at time t = 8.0 s and at time t = 14.0 s in terms of: ● magnitude ● direction. Determine the magnitude of the acceleration of the car at time t = 4.0 s. acceleration = m s–2 The car is at point X at time t = 0. Determine the magnitude of the displacement of the car from X at time t = 12.0 s. displacement = m
2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion
1. Physical quantities and units  →  1.2. SI units
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2
A high‑altitude balloon is stationary in still air. A solid sphere is suspended from the balloon by a string, as shown in . balloon sphere string (not to scale) The volume of the balloon is 7.5 m3. The total weight of the balloon, string and sphere is 65 N. The upthrust acting on the string and sphere is negligible. Calculate the density of the air surrounding the balloon. density = kg m–3 The string breaks, releasing the sphere. State the magnitude of the acceleration of the sphere immediately after the string breaks. acceleration = m s–2 State and explain the variation, if any, in the magnitude of the acceleration of the sphere when it is moving downwards before it reaches terminal velocity. The sphere has a mass of 4.0 kg. Calculate the total resistive force acting on the sphere at the instant when its acceleration is 1.9 m s–2. resistive force = N
13. Gravitational fields  →  13.2. Gravitational force between point masses
2. Kinematics  →  2.1. Equations of motion
6. Deformation of solids  →  6.1. Stress and strain
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3
A vertical rod is fixed to the horizontal surface of a table, as shown in . rod spring surface of table (not to scale) A spring of mass 7.5 g is able to slide along the full length of the rod. The spring is first pushed against the surface of the table so that it has an initial compression of 2.1 cm. The spring is then suddenly released so that it leaves the surface of the table with a kinetic energy of 0.048 J and then moves up the rod. Assume that the spring obeys Hooke’s law and that the initial elastic potential energy of the compressed spring is equal to the kinetic energy of the spring as it leaves the surface of the table. Air resistance is negligible. By using the initial elastic potential energy of the compressed spring, calculate its spring constant. spring constant = N m–1 Calculate the speed of the spring as it leaves the surface of the table. speed = m s–1 The spring rises to its maximum height up the rod from the surface of the table. This causes the gravitational potential energy of the spring to increase by 0.039 J. Calculate, for this movement of the spring, the increase in height of the spring after leaving the surface of the table. increase in height = m Calculate the average frictional force exerted by the rod on the spring as it rises. average frictional force = N The rod is replaced by another rod that exerts negligible frictional force on the moving spring. The initial compression x of the spring is now varied in order to vary the maximum increase in height Δh of the spring after leaving the surface of the table. Assume that the spring obeys Hooke’s law for all compressions. On , sketch a graph to show the variation with x of Δh. Numerical values are not required. Δh x
6. Deformation of solids  →  6.1. Stress and strain
6. Deformation of solids  →  6.2. Elastic and plastic behaviour
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4
A ball Y moves along a horizontal frictionless surface and collides with a ball Z, as illustrated in the views from above in and . Y Z P Q 0.25 kg mZ BEFORE COLLISION P Q 0.25 kg mZ AFTER COLLISION Y Z 27° 44° 3.7 m s–1 5.5 m s–1 (not to scale) (not to scale) Ball Y has a mass of 0.25 kg and initially moves along a line PQ. Ball Z has a mass mZ and is initially stationary. After the collision, ball Y has a final velocity of 3.7 m s–1 at an angle of 27° to line PQ and ball Z has a final velocity of 5.5 m s–1 at an angle of 44° to line PQ. Calculate the component of the final momentum of ball Y in the direction perpendicular to line PQ. component of momentum = N s By considering the component of the final momentum of each ball in the direction perpendicular to line PQ, calculate mZ. mZ = kg During the collision, the average force exerted on Y by Z is FY and the average force exerted on Z by Y is FZ. Compare the magnitudes and directions of FY and FZ. Numerical values are not required. magnitudes: directions: Two blocks, A and B, move directly towards each other along a horizontal frictionless surface, as shown in the view from above in . A B 4 m s–1 6 m s–1 The blocks collide perfectly elastically. Before the collision, block A has a speed of 4 m s–1 and block B has a speed of 6 m s–1. After the collision, block B moves back along its original path with a speed of 2 m s–1. Calculate the speed of block A after the collision. speed = m s–1
3. Dynamics  →  3.3. Linear momentum and its conservation
3. Dynamics  →  3.1. Momentum and Newton’s laws of motion
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5
A beam of vertically polarised light is incident normally on a polarising filter, as shown in . transmitted light beam transmission axis of filter filter vertically polarised incident light beam The transmission axis of the filter is initially vertical. The filter is then rotated through an angle of 360° while the plane of the filter remains perpendicular to the beam. On , sketch a graph to show the variation of the intensity of the light in the transmitted beam with the angle through which the transmission axis is rotated. angle / ° maximum value intensity of the light The intensity of the light in the incident beam is 7.6 W m–2. When the transmission axis of the filter is at angle θ to the vertical, the light intensity of the transmitted beam is 4.2 W m–2. Calculate angle θ. θ = ° State what is meant by the diffraction of a wave. A beam of light of wavelength 4.3 × 10–7 m is incident normally on a diffraction grating in air, as shown in . 68° 68° third order third order beam of light, diffraction grating wavelength 4.3 × 10–7 m (not to scale) The third‑order diffraction maximum of the light is at an angle of 68° to the direction of the incident light beam. Calculate the line spacing d of the diffraction grating. d = m Determine a different wavelength of visible light that will also produce a diffraction maximum at an angle of 68°. wavelength = m
8. Superposition  →  8.4. The diffraction grating
7. Waves  →  7.5. Polarisation
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6
A metal wire has a resistance per unit length of 0.92 Ω m–1. The wire has a uniform cross‑sectional area of 5.3 × 10–7 m2. Calculate the resistivity of the metal of the wire. resistivity = Ω m A battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E and negligible internal resistance is connected in series with a fixed resistor and a light‑dependent resistor (LDR), as shown in . V 1600 Ω 1400 Ω E The resistance of the fixed resistor is 1400 Ω. The intensity of the light illuminating the LDR causes it to have a resistance of 1600 Ω. A voltmeter connected across the LDR reads 6.4 V. Show that the current in the LDR is 4.0 × 10–3 A. Calculate the number of free electrons passing through the LDR in a time of 3.2 minutes. number of free electrons = Calculate the e.m.f. E. E = V Determine the ratio power dissipated in LDR power dissipated in fixed resistor . ratio = The environmental conditions change causing a decrease in the resistance of the LDR in . The temperature of the environment does not change. State whether there is a decrease, increase or no change to: the intensity of the light illuminating the LDR the current in the battery the reading of the voltmeter.
9. Electricity  →  9.3. Resistance and resistivity
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7
In the following list, underline all the particles that are not fundamental. antineutrino baryon nucleon positron A nucleus of thorium‑230 (230 90Th) decays in stages, by emitting α‑particles and β– particles, to form a nucleus of lead‑206 (206 82Pb). Determine the total number of α‑particles and the total number of β– particles that are emitted during the sequence of decays that form the nucleus of lead‑206 from the nucleus of thorium‑230. number of α‑particles = number of β– particles = A meson has a charge of –1e, where e is the elementary charge. The quark composition of the meson includes a charm antiquark. State and explain a possible flavour of the other quark in the meson.
11. Particle physics  →  11.2. Fundamental particles
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