0610_s05_qp_2
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
9
Year:
2005
Paper:
2
Variant:
0
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2
Use A large number of seeds were germinated on damp sand. Random samples of 10 seedlings were taken every two days. The fresh mass and the dry mass of each sample were measured and are shown in the graph, . 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 time / days mass of samples of 10 seedlings / g fresh mass dry mass State why the fresh mass and dry mass of a seedling are different. Fresh mass is not reliable as a measure of plant growth. Suggest why dry mass is a more reliable measure of plant growth. Examiner's Use Explain why 10 seedlings, rather than 1, were used for each sample. Describe what happens to the fresh mass of the seedlings in the first 2 days after the seeds were set to germinate. Suggest a reason for this change in mass. Describe what happens to the dry mass of the seedlings during the first 8 days. Suggest a reason for this change in mass. Suggest which processes begin in the living seed during the early stages of germination.
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis
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3
Use A cheetah is a predator that feeds on small antelopes. When chasing its prey, the cheetah runs very fast but can only keep this up for a short time. Name the hormone that would be released in large quantities into the cheetah’s blood to prepare it for the chase. State two ways in which this hormone can help to provide extra energy for the cheetah to run very fast. 1. 2. To run very fast the cheetah releases energy by both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Complete the equation below to show anaerobic respiration in the cheetah’s muscles. + energy State two disadvantages of anaerobic respiration. 1. 2. Examiner's Use is a graph of the volume of air flowing into and out of the lungs of a human while breathing at rest. X time / seconds volume of air in lungs / dm3 State how many breaths are inhaled in 15 seconds. State the volume of air breathed in during each breath. Calculate the volume of air breathed in during one minute. Show your working. At time X the person began to exercise. Sketch on the graph five more breaths for this person during this exercise.
12. Respiration  →  12.3. Anaerobic respiration
11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans
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5
Use Select the correct term from the list below and write it in the box next to its description. allele dominant gene genotype heterozygous homozygous phenotype recessive description term a form of a gene that always has its effect when it is present a form of a gene that codes for one of a pair of contrasting features an organism having two different forms of a gene for a particular feature the alleles that an organism has in its chromosomes Two red flowered plants were crossed. The seeds produced were germinated and grew into 62 white flowered plants and 188 red flowered plants. Which flower colour is controlled by the recessive form of the gene? Using the symbols R and r, construct a genetic diagram to explain the results of this cross. Examiner's Use One of the white flowered offspring was crossed with a red flowered offspring. Predict the two possible ratios of red and white flowered plants that their seeds would produce. 1. 2.
17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance
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6
Use shows a food web from the Antarctic. algae krill squid Adelie penquin fish Rorqual whale Crabeater seal Ross seal Leopard seal Killer whale State the original source of energy for this food web. Name an organism in this food web that is both a secondary and a tertiary consumer. Write in the names of organisms from to form a complete food chain. killer whale Examiner's Use There is concern that pollution of the environment may change the breeding grounds of the Adelie penguin. State and explain the effect this might have on the populations of the Leopard seal and the Ross seal. Leopard seal Ross seal
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
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7
Use Fibre in the human diet contains a lot of cellulose that humans cannot digest. State two advantages to humans of including fibre in the diet. Suggest which level in a food chain has organisms that have a means of digesting cellulose. Name the form of energy that is present in cellulose. What is cellulose used for in plants? Micronutrients are components of the diet that are only needed in very small quantities. Name two micronutrients that are essential for the healthy development of bones and teeth.
7. Human nutrition  →  7.1. Diet
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
7. Human nutrition  →  7.3. Physical digestion
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8
Use shows a diagram of a section through the heart. Y Z On : label an atrium; label the pulmonary vein; shade in the chambers that contain deoxygenated blood. Explain why the wall around chamber Z needs to be thicker than that around chamber Y. Name the blood vessel that delivers blood to the muscles of the heart. State two preventive actions a person could take to reduce the chance of a heart attack.
9. Transport in animals  →  9.2. Heart
9. Transport in animals  →  9.3. Blood vessels
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9
Use shows changes in the population of rabbits after a few of them were released into a new habitat. A B C time periods D E population size On the graph mark with an X a point when the birth rate is much greater than the death rate. On the graph mark with an Z a point when the birth rate and the death rate are the same. During time period D there is a decrease in the size of the population. Outline the factors that may have caused this decrease in population.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.4. Populations
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