0610_s14_qp_23
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
8
Year:
2014
Paper:
2
Variant:
3
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1
shows four insects. A B C D State one feature of the insects shown in that is a characteristic of this group. Use the key to identify the four insects. Write the name of each insect in the correct box in Table 1.1. key name of insect body has stripes body has no stripes head is long and narrow head is wide and rounded antennae are longer than width of head antennae are shorter than width of head go to 2 go to 3 Otiorhynchus Leptinotarsa Lilioceris Coccinella Table 1.1 insect name of insect A B C D
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms  →  1.3. Features of organisms
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
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2
shows the human alimentary canal. A B C D E Choose words from the list to label the structures A, B, C, D and E. anus large intestine liver oesophagus pancreas rectum small intestine stomach Write your answers on . Two types of muscle move food along the alimentary canal. Name the two types of muscle. and State the name of the process that moves the food. Describe how the muscles in move food along the alimentary canal. Scientists have invented a radio transmitter, which fits into a small tablet. When this tablet is swallowed, the pH along the alimentary canal is shown on a computer. shows the changes in pH as the tablet travels along the alimentary canal. time after swallowing the tablet / hours pH On write the letter X to show when the tablet was inside the stomach. Give a reason for your answer to . State the highest pH that was detected by the tablet. Name the part of the alimentary canal where most of the digested food is absorbed.
7. Human nutrition  →  7.2. Digestive system
7. Human nutrition  →  7.3. Physical digestion
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3
is an incomplete diagram of the carbon cycle. carbon dioxide in the air respiration respiration bacteria & fungi animals plants coal formation of fossil fuels Complete the word equation for aerobic respiration. + carbon dioxide + Name the processes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shown in . Write your answers in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 number name of process shows a newspaper headline about global warming. GLOBAL DISASTER AHEAD Government spokesman announces that climates will change if we do not reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Scientists have shown that the amounts of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere are continuing to rise. Explain two causes of the increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. cause explanation cause explanation Suggest one action which governments might take to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution
12. Respiration  →  12.2. Aerobic respiration
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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4
shows the organisms in a woodland food chain. The numbers written below each organism show the relative amount of energy at each trophic level in the food chain. oak tree 100 000 kJ caterpillars 10 000 kJ robins 500 kJ owls 50 kJ State what the arrows in represent. Suggest why the arrows are different sizes. State the amount of energy that passes from the producers to the first consumers in . kJ Name two carnivores shown in . and Only 10% of the energy in the robins passes to the owls. Describe what happens to the other 90% of the robins’ energy.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
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5
Enzymes are biological catalysts. Define the term catalyst. What are enzymes made of? Choose your answer from the list. carbohydrates genes hormones proteins vitamins The activity of an enzyme can be affected by certain conditions. State one condition that could affect an enzyme. Describe how the condition stated in affects the activity of an enzyme. Milk is sometimes described as the ‘complete food’. Milk is made up of 84% water and 16% milk solids. shows the percentage composition of milk solids. fat 32% sugar 37% protein minerals 6% Use the data in to calculate the percentage of protein present in the milk solids. Show your working. % protein in the milk solids Enzymes are used to break down the protein in milk before it can be absorbed by the body. Complete the passage by writing the correct words from the list in the spaces. You may use each word once, more than once or not at all. amino acids amylase fatty acids glucose glycerol lipase protease During digestion, protein in milk can be broken down by . This enzyme turns the protein into . Explain why the protein molecules must be broken down before they can be absorbed by the body.
5. Enzymes  →  5.1. Enzymes
7. Human nutrition  →  7.4. Chemical digestion
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6
Some students used beetles to investigate inheritance. One group of students decided to breed a beetle which had long antennae with a beetle which had short antennae. shows the beetles they used. short antennae long antennae All of the offspring from this first breeding experiment had long antennae. The students decided that the beetles they had used must have been pure-breeding for the lengths of their antennae. Explain the term pure-breeding. The students used the results of their breeding experiment to make conclusions about the alleles for long and short antennae. State what is meant by an allele. What conclusions can be made about the alleles for long and short antennae? long antennae short antennae The students decided to breed two of the offspring (with long antennae) from their first breeding experiment with each other. There were 20 offspring from this second breeding experiment. 15 of these beetles have long antennae. State the number of beetles which have short antennae. Calculate the ratio of long antennae to short antennae. shows part of the genetic diagram for the second breeding experiment. Complete . • Use A to represent the allele for long antennae. • Use a to represent the allele for short antennae. Aa gametes offspring genotype offspring phenotype parental phenotype parental genotype In another investigation, a beetle with long antennae and a beetle with short antennae were bred together several times. A total of 60 offspring were produced. There were 31 with long antennae and 29 with short antennae. Deduce the genotype of the parent that had long antennae.
17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance
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7
shows a method of growing tomato plants without soil. The plants are supported above a tank of mineral solution aerated by an air pump. plastic support air line air pump mineral solution plants Mineral ions from the solution enter the tomato plants and are transported to the leaves. Name the type of cell that is responsible for: absorbing water and minerals into the plant; transporting water and minerals to the leaves. Tomato plants need nitrate ions and magnesium ions. Explain why these ions are important for healthy plant growth. nitrate ions magnesium ions The mineral solution in the tank is checked regularly to see whether more minerals are needed. Suggest two reasons why it is necessary to continue to add minerals to the solution. Tomato plants need potassium ions to form flowers and fruits. shows the mass of potassium ions absorbed by the tomato plants when the air pump is switched off and when the air pump is switched on. total uptake of potassium / mg 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 time / hours 3.0 3.5 4.0 air pump switched on air pump switched off Describe the trend shown by both sets of results. Use data from to explain how the yield of tomatoes would be affected if air was not bubbled through the mineral solution. effect on yield . explanation State two factors other than water and minerals that plants need to grow.
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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8
Potatoes exist in different shapes and sizes as shown in . Some potato varieties are frost resistant, others are rich in vitamins or contain antioxidants. Suggest two other features that growers might want to introduce into a new variety of potato. Potatoes can be grown from seeds. Seeds can be obtained by breeding two varieties of potato together. The six statements A to E describe stages in producing a new variety of potato. These statements are not in the correct order. A collect pollen from the first potato plant B collect the seeds and use them to grow new plants C cover the second plant to exclude bees D place pollen on the stigma of the second potato plant E remove the anthers from the second potato plant F select varieties with the features you want to breed together Put each of the stages in the correct order by writing letters in the empty boxes. Two of the boxes have been done for you. E C Explain why potato plants that are bred from two plants are not identical to either parent. Explain why all the plants that are grown from the tubers of one potato plant are very similar. It is now possible to alter the DNA in potato plants so that they produce chemicals that can be used as bioplastics or biofuels. State the name of the process used to alter the DNA in plants. Choose your answer from the list. artificial selection genetic engineering natural selection selective breeding
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
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