0610_w12_qp_22 - revisedeck

0610_w12_qp_22

A paper of Biology, 0610

Questions:

9

Year:

2012

Paper:

2

Variant:

2

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1

For Examiner's Use Animals without backbones are classified into a number of groups. Draw one line from each of the named groups to its description. group description annelids hard, jointed exoskeleton, three pairs of jointed legs insects long cylindrical body, segmented, has bristles but no legs molluscs long cylindrical body, not segmented, no legs myriapods has soft body, head and muscular foot, most have a hard shell nematodes exoskeleton, segmented body, jointed legs on each segment

1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms → 1.3. Features of organisms

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2

For Examiner's Use State what is meant by the term excretion. Name the main substance that is excreted in expired air. Urine contains water. Name two other excretory products found in the urine of a healthy person. and shows the kidneys and associated structures. key direction of blood flow A B Name the structures labelled A and B. A B For Examiner's Use In the digestive system, proteins are digested into amino acids. Describe what happens to any of these amino acids that are in excess, and how their breakdown product is removed from the body.

13. Excretion in humans → 13.1. Excretion in humans

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3

For Examiner's Use shows the fruits of two species of plants. red outer skin seeds in fleshy material ring of hairs tomato fruit dandelion fruit Suggest and explain how seeds from each of these two plants are transported away from the parent plant. tomato dandelion Explain why it is important that seeds are transported well away from the parent plant.

16. Reproduction → 16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

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4

For Examiner's Use Table 4.1 shows the percentage of each of the gases present in the atmosphere and in expired air. Table 4.1 gas % of atmospheric air % of expired air carbon dioxide 0.04 4.00 oxygen 21.00 16.00 X 78.00 78.00 other gases 0.96 2.00 Identify gas X. shows the volume of air exchanged during each breath at rest and during vigorous exercise. time / seconds volume of air in lungs / dm3 time / seconds at rest during vigorous exercise volume of air in lungs / dm3 State the volume of air inhaled in each breath at rest. dm3 For Examiner's Use State how many breaths are taken in one minute at rest. Calculate the volume of air exchanged in one minute at rest. dm3 Using information from Table 4.1, calculate the volume of oxygen absorbed in one minute at rest. Show your working. dm3 Describe what happens to both the rate and depth of breathing during vigorous exercise. Suggest why the changes in the rate and depth of breathing are important for the person doing exercise. Suggest why the person’s heart rate also changes during exercise.

11. Gas exchange in humans → 11.1. Gas exchange in humans

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5

For Examiner's Use shows a food web that is part of an ecosystem in the Amazon rainforest. boa constrictor harpie eagle jaguar mouse katydid tapir frog other plants trees grass blue-crowned motmot sloth howler monkey Explain why the whole food web depends on the producers such as the grass and trees. Name two herbivores in this food web. State the trophic level of the frog. For Examiner's Use Complete a food chain of five stages from this food web. Jaguars are big cats that are hunted for their fur. Suggest and explain how the numbers of eagles might be affected if the jaguars were removed from this food web. Suggest how humans who live in the Amazon rainforest might be affected if large areas of trees are removed.

19. Organisms and their environment → 19.2. Food chains and food webs

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6

For Examiner's Use shows a human fetus developing inside a uterus. T placenta S Name the structures labelled S and T. S T Explain the function of the placenta in the healthy development of the fetus. For Examiner's Use The blood supply of the mother and of the fetus are kept separate from each other at the placenta. Suggest and explain two reasons why these two blood systems must not be joined to each other. For Examiner's Use shows a family tree in which the inherited condition beta thalassaemia occurs. Beta thalassaemia is caused by a recessive allele, b. It results in the formation of haemoglobin that carries less oxygen than normal haemoglobin. father genotype phenotype produces normal haemoglobin mother genotype phenotype produces normal haemoglobin genotype BB phenotype child 2 child 1 genotype phenotype has beta thalassaemia Complete the diagram to show the phenotype of child 1. Use the symbols B and b to complete the diagram to show: the genotype of child 2; the genotype of the father; the genotype of the mother. State which two people in this family are heterozygous for the condition. and

17. Inheritance → 17.4. Monohybrid inheritance

16. Reproduction → 16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans

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7

For Examiner's Use shows the water cycle. land river sea Name the processes that are happening at points 1, 2 and 3 in the water cycle. On mountains, rainwater drains over the surface and sinks into the soil. Explain why the soil on mountainsides may be poor for agriculture.

8. Transport in plants → 8.3. Transpiration

3. Movement into and out of cells → 3.2. Osmosis

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8

For Examiner's Use shows a section through a leaf. A B C Name layers A and B. A B State a function of layer A. Describe the function of C. For Examiner's Use Measurements were made of the mass of water taken in and lost by a plant every two hours for 24 hours. is a graph showing the mass of water lost from the plant by transpiration. am noon pm time of day midnight am mass of water lost / g Use the graph, , to state the time when the mass of water lost was greatest. For Examiner's Use shows the mass of water lost and the mass of water taken in by the plant during the same period. am noon pm time of day midnight am mass of water lost / g water lost water taken in Complete the graph, , to show the mass of water taken in by the plant from 8 am to 10 pm. Draw your graph on . State the period of time during which water taken in was less than water lost. Describe the state of the stomata between 6 am and 2 pm. Suggest one factor that caused the state in . For Examiner's Use Name and explain one factor, other than your answer to , that might increase the loss of water from a leaf during the day.

8. Transport in plants → 8.3. Transpiration

8. Transport in plants → 8.2. Water uptake

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9

For Examiner's Use Table 9.1 shows the percentage of the main types of foods in the diet of two teenage girls. One girl lives in Great Britain and the other girl in sub-Saharan Africa. Table 9.1 food type girl in Great Britain % of diet girl in sub-Saharan Africa % of diet cereals 15.0 75.0 fruit and vegetables 35.0 15.0 milk and cheese 15.0 7.5 eggs, fish and meat 30.0 2.5 sweets and sugar 5.0 0.0 Compare the percentage of foods rich in fats in the two diets. Suggest how the lack of sweets and sugar in the diet of the African girl might benefit her health. The diet of the African girl contains much less protein than that of the British girl. Suggest and explain one way in which a diet containing little protein might affect her physical development.

7. Human nutrition → 7.1. Diet

20. Human influences on ecosystems → 20.1. Food supply

9. Transport in animals → 9.2. Heart

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