0610_w13_qp_22
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
9
Year:
2013
Paper:
2
Variant:
2
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1
For Examiner's Use Define the term photosynthesis. Some plants store starch in underground storage organs. Explain how starch in a leaf is transported to an underground storage organ. Suggest one advantage to the plant of storing starch in an underground storage organ. For Examiner's Use shows the underground storage organs of five plants. A B C D E Use the key to identify which storage organ, shown in , is produced by which plant. Write the letter of each storage organ on the correct line in the key. Key name of plant letter of storage organ 1 Approximately round Longer than it is wide 2 Has a ring of roots at the base No ring of roots 3 Has shoots or leaves No shoots or leaves 4 Branched Not branched go to 2 go to 3 Allium Colocasia go to 4 Cassava Zingiber Solanum ………………… ………………… …………………. ………………… …………………
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure
2. Organisation of the organism  →  2.1. Cell structure
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2
For Examiner's Use shows an external view of a human heart seen from the front. A B right side of the heart left side of the heart Name blood vessel A. Blood vessel B supplies blood to the muscle of the heart wall. Name blood vessel B. State what happens if blood vessel B becomes blocked. Describe and explain how the structure of the left ventricle differs from the structure of the right ventricle. For Examiner's Use Exercise affects pulse rate. Describe how you would measure a person’s pulse rate.
9. Transport in animals  →  9.2. Heart
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3
For Examiner's Use shows the relative growth of the brain, reproductive organs and the whole body. age / years size as percentage of adult size / % whole body whole body reproductive reproductive organs organs head and brain head and brain whole body reproductive organs head and brain State the age at which the whole body has made 50% of its total growth. Suggest why the growth of the brain is so rapid in the early years of life. Between which two ages does the rapid increase in the size of the reproductive organs occur? For Examiner's Use Name the hormone which controls the start of puberty in: males; females. Reproductive organs are affected by an increase of the male sex hormone. Name two other structures affected by this increase. Some athletes use the male sex hormone as a drug. They inject this hormone. The use of such drugs is banned in athletics. Suggest two ways that the male sex hormone could improve the performance of an athlete.
16. Reproduction  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans
16. Reproduction  →  16.5. Sex hormones in humans
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4
For Examiner's Use is a section through the fruit of a pea plant showing some of its seeds. sepals seed fruit pod Explain why the cells of the fruit pod, as shown in , are genetically different from the cells of the embryo in the seeds. shows a pea seedling after germination has begun. A B Name the structures labelled A and B. Write your answers on . State three external conditions that are always required for germination. For Examiner's Use Define the terms growth and development. growth development
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
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5
For Examiner's Use shows a section through the human eye. A B C D E X ciliary muscle lens suspensory ligaments Name the structures labelled A, B, C and D, shown in . A B C D State the function of structure E. Give one reason why area X is called the blind spot. For Examiner's Use A girl looks at a distant tree and then looks at a small plant very close to her. Describe the changes that take place in the ciliary muscles, the suspensory ligaments and the lens to allow the girl to focus on the small plant. ciliary muscles suspensory ligaments lens
14. Coordination and response  →  14.2. Sense organs
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6
For Examiner's Use shows a section through human skin. A B C D E G H X F In Table 6.1, write the letter from which labels the structure that carries out each of the functions. One has been completed for you. Table 6.1 function letter helps to prevent dehydration of the body B detects changes in the external temperature dilates when body temperature rises prevents most heat loss from the body produces a fluid to help the body lose heat Name the structure labelled X on . X
14. Coordination and response  →  14.4. Homeostasis
14. Coordination and response  →  14.2. Sense organs
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7
For Examiner's Use Explain what is shown by a food web. shows part of the food web in the arctic tundra. arctic hare lichen liverwort grass moss lemming pika musk ox brown bear arctic fox caribou arctic wolf snowy owl Name one organism, shown in , that feeds on both animals and plants. The arctic wolf is sometimes described as a top carnivore. Define the term carnivore. For Examiner's Use Suggest why top carnivores, such as the arctic wolf, are usually only present in very small numbers in an area. The number of lemmings in an area undergoes a rapid decrease every few years. Explain how a decrease in lemmings may affect the number of arctic foxes and arctic hares. arctic foxes arctic hares
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
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8
For Examiner's Use Table 8.1 shows the effect of the use of nitrate fertilisers on the yield of a crop. Plot the data from Table 8.1 as a line graph using the axes provided on . yield of crop / tonnes per ha nitrate fertiliser added / kg per ha For Examiner's Use Table 8.1 nitrate fertiliser added / kg per ha yield of crop / tonnes per ha 3.0 4.8 7.0 8.6 8.2 Calculate by how much the crop yield increased when 50 kg per ha of nitrate fertiliser was added. tonnes per ha Use your graph to determine how much nitrate fertiliser must be added to double the unfertilised crop yield. kg per ha Some farmers add more than 150 kg per ha of nitrate fertiliser. Suggest two reasons why this is not a good idea. A farmer has only 100 kg of nitrate fertiliser available, but 2 ha of land. He has to decide whether to put all of the fertiliser on one field of 1 ha or to spread it evenly over both fields of 1 ha each. Use the data in Table 8.1 to calculate which decision would give the farmer the highest yield, in total. calculation decision For Examiner's Use Explain why the yield of a crop can be increased by adding nitrate fertilisers.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.1. Food supply
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.3. Nutrient cycles
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9
When a mass of still air becomes trapped over a city, pollutants build up in the air next to the ground. Name two chemical pollutants that might build up over a busy city centre. Vehicles such as cars burn fossil fuels. Explain why vehicles may be banned from the city if pollution becomes severe. For Examiner's Use If air pollution is very severe, warnings may be given not to take young babies into the city centre and for any people with heart and respiratory problems to stay inside. Suggest two reasons for this advice.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution
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