0610_w13_qp_23
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
9
Year:
2013
Paper:
2
Variant:
3
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1
The seven characteristics of living organisms are excretion, growth, movement, nutrition, reproduction, respiration and sensitivity. Complete Table 1.1 below by writing the characteristic opposite its definition. Table 1.1 definition characteristic a set of chemical reactions that breaks down nutrients to release energy in living cells the ability to detect stimuli and make appropriate responses an act causing a change of position or place removal from an organism of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism or substances in excess of requirements
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms  →  1.1. Characteristics of living organisms
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms  →  1.3. Features of organisms
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2
Pepper plants can be grown in glasshouses, where extra light can be supplied from electric lamps. The amount of carbon dioxide in the air inside a glasshouse was measured on two different days, M and N. On one of these days the lamps could not be used, because there was no electricity. shows the amount of carbon dioxide in the air around the pepper plants on day M and day N. 0.00 06.00 12.00 time of day 18.00 24.00 amount of carbon dioxide in air / arbitrary units day N day M Name the process, used by plants, that removes carbon dioxide from the air. State the time of day by which the pepper plants had removed most of the carbon dioxide. Using the data from , explain how you know that there was no electricity on day M. The amount of carbon dioxide and the availability of light affect the growth of pepper plants. Suggest two other factors that affect the growth of pepper plants. The pepper grower wanted to find out whether the peppers he grew contained sugar and vitamin C. State two reasons why too much sugar can be harmful to humans. State one reason why humans need vitamin C in their diet.
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
8. Transport in plants  →  8.3. Transpiration
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4
shows a human sperm and egg. not drawn to scale The sperm and the egg have some similarities and some differences. Describe one similarity related to the function of these cells as gametes. Describe one difference between the sperm and the egg. State why this difference is important to the function of these cells. The sperm and egg can fuse to form another type of cell. This process is shown in . process X cell Y Write the name of the process X on the line provided. Write the name of the new type of cell Y on the line provided. Name the organ where human sperm are made. Describe the route by which sperm reach the egg. Certain types of nutrient are needed in especially large amounts during the development of a young human. Table 4.1 shows some nutrients which are particularly important at different stages of growth and development. The amounts are shown as ‘relative food units’ per kg of body mass. A high value for the ‘relative food unit’ means that a nutrient is especially important. Table 4.1 relative food units nutrient fetus young child (7–9 years) girl at puberty carbohydrate fat protein calcium iron Use Table 4.1 to identify which nutrient is required in the greatest amount at each stage of development. State one reason why each of these nutrients is important. Fetus: most important nutrient reason why nutrient important Young child (7–9 years): most important nutrient reason why nutrient important Girl at puberty: most important nutrient reason why nutrient important
16. Reproduction  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans
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5
Malnutrition is caused by some imbalance in the diet or lifestyle. This is a list of some effects of malnutrition. constipation coronary heart disease obesity starvation tooth decay Use the list to complete Table 5.1. Table 5.1 imbalance in diet effect of malnutrition insufficient fibre insufficient fat and carbohydrate high fat diet combined with a low exercise lifestyle In some parts of the world, the supply of food does not match the demand for food. Describe two ways in which technology has helped farmers to grow more food.
7. Human nutrition  →  7.1. Diet
9. Transport in animals  →  9.2. Heart
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6
Alcohol is a widely used drug. It has serious effects on many parts of the body, including the nervous system. Name the organ in the body where alcohol is broken down. Suggest how alcohol reaches the brain. Doctors are concerned that young people in some countries are drinking too much alcohol. shows the percentage of young people who drink alcohol in a city in one of these countries. percentage using alcohol age of young people / years female male Key There is a difference in the percentage of males and females who drink alcohol. State the age at which this difference is greatest. It is not safe to drive a car or motorbike after drinking large amounts of alcohol. Explain why. There are many other social problems caused by young people drinking alcohol. Describe three examples of social problems, other than unsafe driving.
9. Transport in animals  →  9.2. Heart
10. Diseases and immunity  →  10.1. Diseases and immunity
14. Coordination and response  →  14.4. Homeostasis
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7
shows a food web in a rainforest. hawk owl warbler tanager caterpillar aphid wasp mahogany tree weevil forest mouse Name the organism in the food web shown in which can trap light energy to produce sugars. Name one secondary consumer in this food web. Complete one food chain from this food web. Write the name of one organism in each box. What do the arrows in the food chain represent? Some local people were paid to catch warblers for the pet trade. Explain why the number of tanagers and forest mice might get smaller if all of the warblers were removed from the forest. A group of scientists observed the animals in the forest. Table 7.1 shows the average number of each type of animal in one mahogany tree. Table 7.1 animal trophic level number of animals hawk owl tanager warbler aphid caterpillar weevil wasp forest mouse Use information from Table 7.1 to calculate the total number of animals at each trophic level. Write your answers in Table 7.2. Table 7.2 trophic level number of animals Use information from Tables 7.1 and 7.2 to draw a pyramid of numbers for this food web. Many scientists believe that a pyramid of biomass is more useful than a pyramid of numbers. Suggest which extra information would be needed to draw a pyramid of biomass.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
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8
shows part of the water cycle. water in streams, rivers, lakes and seas atmosphere soil plants P Q R S Using words from the list, identify the processes P, Q, R and S. drainage egestion evaporation photosynthesis rainfall transpiration P Q R S State two ways in which water may leave the body of a mammal. Describe how water in a plant may become water in the cells of an animal. shows apparatus which can be used to measure the rate of water uptake by a plant shoot. stop clock air bubble scale Three sets of this apparatus, using shoots from the same tree, were used at the same time. The experiment was carried out with four different sets of external conditions A, B, C and D. The time for the air bubble to move 10 cm was measured and recorded in Table 8.1. Table 8.1 external conditions time for air bubble to move 10 cm / s shoot 1 shoot 2 shoot 3 A dry, still air at 15 °C B dry, still air at 25 °C C dry, moving air at 25 °C D humid, still air at 15 °C State which shoot took up water most quickly under all conditions. Suggest a difference between the shoots that could explain these results. Suggest why the results under condition D were different from the results under condition A.
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis
8. Transport in plants  →  8.2. Water uptake
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9
Coffee is an important crop in some countries. Coffee plants can be crossed to produce new varieties. A valuable variety would produce a high yield in a range of different habitats. Explain how two varieties of coffee plant could be crossed (bred together) to produce an improved variety. Scientists think that they may be able to use genetic engineering to produce valuable new varieties. This involves taking a gene from one species and putting it into another species. Define the term gene. Name the part of the coffee plant cells which contains the genes. New varieties of coffee plant can sometimes appear as a result of a random process. Name this random process. Four new varieties were produced. Some of their properties are shown in Table 9.1. Table 9.1 characteristic of plant Super Plus New Mocha Gro-Better Lo-Cost ability to withstand low temperature high high low low resistance to insect pests low high very high very low height short very tall tall short yield without fertiliser low medium high low In windy conditions the tall varieties of coffee plants blow over, so yields are very poor. Name the two varieties in Table 9.1 that would grow best in windy conditions. Yields can also be affected by whether the farmer can afford expensive chemicals such as pesticides and fertilisers. Name the two varieties in Table 9.1 that would grow best if the farmer could not afford fertiliser. A farm has the conditions shown in Table 9.2. Use information from Table 9.1 to complete Table 9.2. Table 9.2 temperature wind number of pests availability of fertiliser most suitable variety very cold not windy many only small amounts
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
18. Variation and selection  →  18.3. Selection
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.1. Food supply
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