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1

Carbon dioxide diffuses into a leaf. Which characteristic of living things requires this?

13. Excretion in humans  →  13.1. Excretion in humans

1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms  →  1.1. Characteristics of living organisms

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

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2

The diagram shows how Homo sapiens (modern people) could have evolved from earlier ancestors. Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo heidelbergensis Homo sapiens (modern people) Which statement about modern people and their ancestors is correct?

19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.4. Populations

18. Variation and selection  →  18.1. Variation

18. Variation and selection  →  18.3. Selection

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3

Heart muscle cells have a high rate of metabolism. Which structure do they require to be present in high numbers?

9. Transport in animals  →  9.2. Heart

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4

Which features are possessed by all plant cells?

2. Organisation of the organism  →  2.1. Cell structure

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis

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5

The diagram shows a xylem vessel in a plant stem. The magnification is ×400. X Y X Y ×400 What is the actual width of the xylem vessel along the line XY?

2. Organisation of the organism  →  2.2. Size of specimens

8. Transport in plants  →  8.1. Xylem and phloem

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6

The diagram shows a test-tube containing clear jelly. A drop of blue ink is injected into the middle of the jelly. clear jelly drop of blue ink The blue colour of the ink spreads throughout the jelly. By which process does the blue ink spread through the jelly?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.3. Active transport

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.1. Diffusion

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7

Which process describes osmosis?

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis

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8

Which row shows the chemical elements contained in fats?

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

7. Human nutrition  →  7.1. Diet

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9

Small molecules are used as the basic units in the synthesis of large food molecules. Which statement is correct?

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

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10

The diagrams show a protease enzyme catalysing the breaking of part of a protein molecule into smaller pieces. Which diagram has three correct labels?

5. Enzymes  →  5.1. Enzymes

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11

The diagram shows an experiment to investigate the balance between respiration and photosynthesis. In which tube are photosynthesis and respiration taking place at the same time?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

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12

Some gardeners use Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) as a fertiliser for their plants. Epsom salts release magnesium ions into the soil. How would this benefit the plants?

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis

3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

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13

The food label is from a packet of cereal. The label can help someone who is concerned about their diet. Nutrition Typical values 100 g contains Energy Fat of which saturates Carbohydrate of which sugars Fibre Protein Salt 985 kJ 235 kcal 1.5 g 0.3 g 45.5 g 3.8 g 2.8 g 7.7 g 0.5 g A person eats 45 g of cereal. One of the food types listed in the label can help prevent constipation. How many grams of this food type does the person eat?

7. Human nutrition  →  7.1. Diet

4. Biological molecules  →  4.1. Biological molecules

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14

The cholera bacterium produces toxins that cause chloride ions to be secreted into the small intestine. How does this affect the water potential of blood in the intestinal capillaries and the intestinal contents?

10. Diseases and immunity  →  10.1. Diseases and immunity

7. Human nutrition  →  7.5. Absorption

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15

A person eats some cheese which contains a lot of fats and protein. Which row shows the combination of substances that will digest the cheese most effectively?

7. Human nutrition  →  7.4. Chemical digestion

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16

A celery stalk was placed into a beaker of blue dye. When the dye reached the leaves, the stalk was taken out and a section was cut, as shown...

8. Transport in plants  →  8.1. Xylem and phloem

16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure

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17

The table shows the rate of water flow through a tree over a 12 hour period. time of day rate of flow / cm per hour 17:00 19:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 17:00 19:00 What conclusion can be drawn from the table?

8. Transport in plants  →  8.3. Transpiration

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18

The diagram shows some potato tubers. New shoots are beginning to grow. Sucrose is being translocated from source to sink. soil tuber Which statement is correct?

8. Transport in plants  →  8.4. Translocation

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19

The diagram shows cross-sections through three types of blood vessel, not drawn to the same scale. W V X Which section is from a vein and which is from a capillary?

9. Transport in animals  →  9.3. Blood vessels

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20

Which disease is transmissible?

10. Diseases and immunity  →  10.1. Diseases and immunity

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21

The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete cycle of breathing. Atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa. At which point on the diagram are the ribs beginning to be lowered?

11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans

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22

Which pathway is followed by air passing into the body?

11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans

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23

Oxygen is required for aerobic respiration. How many molecules of oxygen are required for the aerobic respiration of three molecules of glucose?

12. Respiration  →  12.2. Aerobic respiration

12. Respiration  →  12.3. Anaerobic respiration

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24

Which statement about involuntary responses is correct?

14. Coordination and response  →  14.1. Coordination and response

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25

The diagram shows the first part of a kidney tubule and its blood supply. During filtration, protein molecules do not pass through the wall of the glomerulus. Which part contains the highest concentration of protein?

13. Excretion in humans  →  13.1. Excretion in humans

7. Human nutrition  →  7.5. Absorption

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26

The diagram shows a cross-section of the human eye. Which label points to the spot in the eye where vision is the sharpest?

14. Coordination and response  →  14.2. Sense organs

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27

Three plant shoots have their tips removed. Two of the shoots have a piece of agar gel placed on them, as shown...

14. Coordination and response  →  14.5. Tropic responses

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28

The diagram shows a synapse. Heroin affects the neurone. Which labelled part does the heroin directly affect?

14. Coordination and response  →  14.1. Coordination and response

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29

What is an advantage of self-pollination?

16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants

16. Reproduction  →  16.1. Asexual reproduction

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30

Which feature allows the sperm to dissolve the jelly coating of the egg cell?

16. Reproduction  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans

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31

The graph shows the relative concentration of hormones in the blood during days 14–28 of the menstrual cycle. Which letter represents the hormone progesterone in a woman who is not pregnant?

16. Reproduction  →  16.5. Sex hormones in humans

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32

The diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell that divides by mitosis. Which diagram shows the chromosomes in the nucleus of one of the daughter cells produced?

17. Inheritance  →  17.2. Mitosis

17. Inheritance  →  17.1. Chromosomes, genes and proteins

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33

The diploid number for mice is 40 chromosomes. How many chromosomes will be in a mouse cell formed by meiosis?

17. Inheritance  →  17.1. Chromosomes, genes and proteins

17. Inheritance  →  17.3. Meiosis

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34

Which statement is correct?

17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance

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35

When antibiotics are overused they become less effective. Which statement is correct?

15. Drugs  →  15.1. Drugs

18. Variation and selection  →  18.3. Selection

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36

The diagram shows how sewage is treated. screen water to river settling tank second settling tank aeration tank air out air in sludge digester sludge disposal sludge sludge Why is air bubbled through the aeration tank?

20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution

10. Diseases and immunity  →  10.1. Diseases and immunity

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37

Which trophic level has the greatest amount of energy?

19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs

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38

All organisms share the same genetic code. This means that bacteria can be used to A improve the health of the digestive system. B manufacture biofuels in large quantities. C produce foods such as yoghurt and cheese. D make proteins using human DNA.

21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.1. Biotechnology and genetic modification

21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.3. Genetic modification

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39

Evidence shows that some aquatic organisms have been feminised. What is the most likely cause of this?

20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution

17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance

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40

What is not a reason for using chemical fertilisers in food production?

20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.1. Food supply

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