0610_m15_qp_32
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
6
Year:
2015
Paper:
3
Variant:
2
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1
shows a diagram of a cross-section of a dicotyledonous leaf, as seen using a light microscope. $ % Name tissue A and cell B. A B Describe two ways in which tissue A is adapted for maximum photosynthesis. Plants use carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Describe where and how carbon dioxide enters a leaf. State the two products of photosynthesis. Hydrophytes are plants that grow in water. shows a photograph of Indian lotus, Nelumbo nucifera, which is a hydrophyte. Describe and explain two adaptations of hydrophytes to their environment. adaptation explanation adaptation explanation
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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2
Coat colour in cattle is inherited in a very similar way to blood groups in humans. The gene for coat colour has two codominant alleles: CB which is the allele for brown coat CW which is the allele for white coat. Table 2.1 shows the genotypes and phenotypes of different coat colours seen in a herd of cattle. Table 2.1 genotype phenotype CBCB brown CWCW white CBCW roan Explain the term codominance. A farmer crossed several roan coloured cows with a roan coloured bull. Complete the genetic diagram to show the ratio of expected phenotypes among the offspring. parental phenotypes roan cow CBCW × roan bull CBCW parental genotypes × gametes offspring genotypes offspring phenotypes phenotypic ratio A farmer has a herd of cows that produce milk. The farmer wants to improve the milk yield of the herd by using artificial selection (selective breeding). The farmer buys semen (fluid containing sperm) to inseminate the cows artificially. Describe how the farmer could improve the milk yield of the cows using artificial selection. Suggest one useful feature, other than milk yield and coat colour, which a farmer might wish to develop in a herd of cows. Milk yield can also be increased by injecting cows with the hormone bovine somatotropin (BST). Explain why there may be concerns about the use of this hormone to increase milk yield.
18. Variation and selection  →  18.3. Selection
17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance
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3
Excretion is the process of removing waste products of metabolism from the body. Name the two main products of metabolism that need to be excreted from the human body. The kidney is one of the main excretory organs of the body. Its role is to filter the blood. Some substances leave the blood and are removed from the body in the urine. The concentration of protein in the blood entering the kidneys in the renal arteries is 83 g dm–3. State the concentration of protein that you would expect in the urine of a healthy person and explain your answer. concentration g dm–3 explanation Dialysis can be used to treat people whose kidneys do not function properly. shows dialysis treatment. blood pump movement of blood movement of dialysis fluid movement of substances in and out of blood .H\ blood from patient blood returns to patient bubble trap fresh dialysis fluid dialysis membrane used dialysis fluid dialysis unit Use to describe the process of dialysis and explain changes that occur in a person’s blood. Some people with kidney failure are given a kidney transplant. State one advantage and one disadvantage of having a kidney transplant instead of dialysis treatment. advantage disadvantage The liver is another excretory organ of the body. The liver breaks down hormones and drugs, such as alcohol. State one function of the liver other than the breakdown of hormones and drugs. Describe two effects on the body of long-term, excessive consumption of alcohol. Suggest one social implication of alcohol misuse.
13. Excretion in humans  →  13.1. Excretion in humans
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4
shows the structure of a typical fish. GRUVDOILQ FDXGDOILQ DQDOILQ SHOYLFILQ SHFWRUDOILQ ORZHU PDQGLEOH XSSHU PDQGLEOH Fig 4.1 shows four species of freshwater fish, A, B, C and D. A B C D Polyodon spathula Salmo trutta Protopterus dolloi Haplochromis nyererei not drawn to the same scale Pollution is harm done to the environment by release of substances produced by human activities. Acid rain is one form of pollution that damages many lakes, ponds and rivers. State one pollutant that causes acid rain. shows the effect of pH on the mean number of species of fish found in lakes in New York State, USA. 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 pH mean number of fish species in the lake 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 Describe the results shown in . Explain the effects of acid rain on the environment.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution
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5
Many flowering plants can reproduce sexually and asexually. Define the term asexual reproduction. State one advantage and one disadvantage of asexual reproduction for flowering plants. advantage disadvantage shows a potato plant, Solanum tuberosum, grown from a tuber. The tubers that potato plants are grown from are commonly referred to as seed potatoes. IORZHU VWHP XQGHUJURXQG VWHP \RXQJ WXEHU ROGVHHG SRWDWR URRWV WXEHU GHYHORSLQJ WXEHU Define the term growth. Potatoes can reproduce asexually by means of tubers. The parent plant produces underground stems, which eventually form tubers. With reference to , describe how tubers are formed from the underground stems in potatoes. A student conducted an experiment to investigate the percentage change in mass of potato tuber tissue when placed in different concentrations of sucrose solution. The potato tuber tissue was cut into cubes of the same size. shows a graph of the results. 0.0 -40 concentration of sucrose solution / mol dm-3 percentage change in mass -30 -20 -10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Use to predict the percentage change in mass of a cube of potato tuber tissue placed in 1.2 mol dm–3 sucrose solution. Explain the results shown in in terms of water potential: • between sucrose concentrations of 0.0 – 0.4 mol dm–3 • at sucrose concentration 0.4 mol dm–3 • between sucrose concentrations of 0.4 – 1.0 mol dm–3. between 0.0 – 0.4 mol dm–3 at 0.4 mol dm–3 between 0.4 – 1.0 mol dm–3 Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma. Pollen can be transferred to the stigma by being carried by the wind or by animals. shows a photograph of a wind-pollinated flowering plant. State two structural adaptations of a flower for wind-pollination. State how self-pollination differs from cross-pollination. Suggest one reason why self-pollination might be advantageous to a population of plants.
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
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6
shows changes in the global human population between 1910 and 2010. year population (in millions) Improved food production has contributed to the increase in the human population. State and explain two ways in which modern technology has resulted in increased food production. State one reason, other than food production, why the human population has increased so rapidly between 1910 and 2010. In view of the increasing human population, people are sometimes encouraged to eat less meat and more fruit and vegetables, to improve the energy efficiency of their food supply. Explain why eating less meat and more fruit and vegetables is more energy efficient. As the human population has increased, forests have been cleared for farming. Outline the effects of deforestation on the environment.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.1. Food supply
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.4. Populations
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