0610_s10_qp_33
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
6
Year:
2010
Paper:
3
Variant:
3
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1
For Examiner's Use Define the terms sensitivity and involuntary action. sensitivity involuntary action shows the reflex arc for the knee jerk reflex. kneecap sharp blow here tibia fibula femur A B C D X Y For Examiner's Use Name parts A to D. A B C D Nerve cells use active transport to move ions across their cell membranes. Explain what is meant by the term active transport. Explain what would happen to the reflex shown in if the nerve was cut across at X-Y. For Examiner's Use shows the grasping reflex of a baby. Suggest why it is a good idea to test a baby’s reflexes immediately after birth.
14. Coordination and response  →  14.2. Sense organs
14. Coordination and response  →  14.1. Coordination and response
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2
shows the root systems of two species of desert plant, A and B. A B soil level 20 m For Examiner's Use Describe the two root systems shown in and explain how each is an adaptation for survival in a desert ecosystem. Describe and explain two ways in which the leaves of desert plants reduce water loss in transpiration. 1. 2. Xylem and phloem are transport tissues in plants. They transport substances from organs that are known as sources to organs known as sinks. Complete the table to show: • two substances being transported in each tissue • an organ that is a source for substances being transported in each tissue • an organ that is a sink for substances being transported in each tissue. tissue substances being transported source of substances in the plant sink for substances in the plant xylem 1 ………………… 2 …………………. phloem 1 ………………… 2 ………………….
8. Transport in plants  →  8.2. Water uptake
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For Examiner's Use The highest yields of potatoes are obtained in the USA. In Bangladesh they are very much lower. Scientists investigated the effects of improving soil fertility on the growth and yields of potatoes in Bangladesh. They carried out an investigation by dividing a field into four plots, E to H. The potatoes in each plot received different treatments: E – no fertiliser or manure F – manure only G – chemical fertiliser only H – manure and chemical fertiliser The scientists measured different aspects of growth and final yield of the potato plants. Their results are shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 plot treatment mean plant height at maturity / cm mean fresh mass of potato tubers per plant / g yield of potato tubers / tonnes per hectare E no fertiliser or manure 46.2 190.0 12.6 F manure only 59.3 285.0 19.3 G chemical fertiliser only 66.1 320.5 21.2 H manure and chemical fertiliser 71.5 365.0 24.3 The yield of potato tubers was greater in plot H than in plot E. Calculate the difference in yield as a percentage of the yield in plot E. Show your working. Answer = % Suggest and explain the importance of increased plant height in the production of tubers. For Examiner's Use Describe the effect of adding manure and chemical fertilisers on the yield of potato tubers. Manure and chemical fertilisers provide plants with nitrate ions. Explain how extra nitrate ions in the soil may have increased the yield of the potatoes. State why plot E was included in this investigation. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of adding chemical fertilisers to crops.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.1. Food supply
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis
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For Examiner's Use When bacteria are spread onto agar in a Petri dish they form colonies. Each colony forms from one bacterium. shows an investigation into antibiotic resistance in a species of bacterium that causes disease. no antibiotic added to agar antibiotic added to agar antibiotic added to agar antibiotic added to agar A B C D transfer of bacteria culture from dish B to liquid medium transfer of bacteria culture to dish A transfer of bacteria culture to dish B transfer of bacteria culture to dish D transfer of bacteria culture to dish C after 24 hours culture of bacteria in a liquid medium bacteria exposed to X-rays agar colonies of bacteria START OF PROCESS For Examiner's Use Explain what is meant by the term antibiotic. Explain why only a few bacteria grew in dish B compared with dish A, more bacteria grew in C than in B. shows the effect of an antibiotic on a species of disease-causing bacterium. Suggest why antibiotics should not be used too often. Explain the possible effect of the X-rays on the bacteria. For Examiner's Use State two ways in which the structure of a bacterium differs from the structure of a virus. 1. 2. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hinfects cells of the immune system. Describe the effects of HIV on the immune system.
15. Drugs  →  15.1. Drugs
18. Variation and selection  →  18.3. Selection
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shows a capillary inside a tissue. lining of capillary red blood cell S R Q cell in tissue tissue fluid T P blood flow For Examiner's Use State how oxygen passes from the capillary into cell Q and describe the function of this gas in a cell. Name two substances required by cells, other than oxygen, that pass from the blood to the tissue fluid at R. 1. 2. Name two substances produced by cells that pass from the tissue fluid to the blood at S. 1. 2. With reference to , describe and explain two ways in which capillaries are adapted to their function. 1. 2. Tissue fluid drains into vessel P at T and eventually returns to the blood. Name the type of vessel labelled P. Explain how fluid passes along these vessels.
9. Transport in animals  →  9.3. Blood vessels
9. Transport in animals  →  9.4. Blood
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6
For Examiner's Use Carbon dioxide and methane are two important greenhouse gases. The effect of human activities in increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane, is known as the enhanced greenhouse effect. shows the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere over the past 1000 years. year concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere / parts per million year 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 concentration of methane in the atmosphere / parts per million For Examiner's Use Using information in , describe the trend in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane over the past 1000 years. Suggest and explain reasons for the trend in the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane that you described in . Explain how gases, such as those shown in , contribute to the greenhouse effect. For Examiner's Use People are encouraged to recycle materials, such as paper and plastics. Discuss the advantages of recycling materials, such as paper and plastics.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution
11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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