0610_s12_qp_33
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
6
Year:
2012
Paper:
3
Variant:
3
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1
For Examiner's Use shows a goliath beetle, Goliathus giganteus. State two features, visible in , that show that Goliathus giganteus is an arthropod. For Examiner's Use Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species, B to H, in the correct box in the key. One, A, has been done for you. Key 1 Wings present go to 2 Wings absent go to 7 2 Back legs adapted for jumping Schistocerca gregaria A Back legs not adapted for jumping go to 3 3 Two pairs of wings go to 4 One pair of wings Drosophila melanogaster 4 Wings with hairs go to 5 Wings with no hairs go to 6 5 Hairs on back wings longer than width of back wing Ephestia cautella Hairs on back wings shorter than width of back wing Batrachedra amydraula 6 Thorax with spots Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Thorax with no spots Oryctes agamemnon 7 Three pairs of legs Microcerotermes diversus Four pairs of legs Oligonychus afrasiaticus For Examiner's Use Pesticides can be sprayed onto date palms to kill pests. This can damage the environment. Outline the damage to the environment that may be done by spraying pesticides. An alternative to using pesticides is biological control. The Senegalese grasshopper is a serious pest in West Africa. A fungal parasite of grasshoppers is used as a means of biological control. Spores of the fungus are sprayed onto populations of grasshoppers. An investigation was carried out to compare this biological control with a pesticide. Three fields were treated as follows: • sprayed with fungal spores • sprayed with pesticide • not sprayed Explain why one field was not sprayed. For Examiner's Use The population density of grasshoppers was recorded for 22 days after spraying. The results are shown in . mean population of Senegalese grasshoppers / number per m2 time / days time of spraying field not sprayed field sprayed with pesticide field sprayed with fungal spores Describe the effects of the two sprays on the populations of grasshoppers. You will gain credit if you use data from to support your answer. pesticide fungal spores For Examiner's Use Explain the differences between the effects of the pesticide and the fungal spores on the grasshoppers, as shown in .
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.4. Conservation
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms  →  1.1. Characteristics of living organisms
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.1. Food supply
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3
For Examiner's Use Many growers of crops in glasshouses use carbon dioxide enrichment to improve yields. Explain the advantages of carbon dioxide enrichment of glasshouses. shows the carbon dioxide concentrations inside three glasshouses, D, E and F, on a hot day with bright sunlight. • Glasshouses D and E received carbon dioxide enrichment and were ventilated by opening the windows. • Glasshouse F did not receive any extra carbon dioxide and the windows were closed. The carbon dioxide concentrations in the glasshouses and in the atmosphere were measured. The concentration in the atmosphere was 0.039 %. D concentration of CO2 = 0.041 % CO2 E concentration of CO2 = 0.070 % F concentration of CO2 = 0.020 % CO2 The rate of uptake of carbon dioxide by the crop plants was measured in grams of carbon dioxide absorbed per square metre of glasshouse per hour. These results are shown in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 glasshouse rate of uptake of carbon dioxide by crop plants / g per m2 per hour D 2.5 E 5.7 F 1.0 For Examiner's Use Suggest why it may not be cost effective to maintain a high concentration of carbon dioxide in glasshouse E compared to the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Concentrations of carbon dioxide in all three glasshouses in increased at night. State why this happened. Explain why it is important to ventilate glasshouses by opening the windows.
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans
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4
For Examiner's Use The liver is an organ with a large number of different functions. shows the liver, its blood supply and some other organs. The blood vessels are labelled P to R. liver aorta vena cava duodenum bile duct gall bladder R P Q from heart to heart A person eats a meal containing protein and carbohydrate. Complete Table 4.1 to show the blood vessel that has the highest concentration of glucose, oxygen and urea as this meal is absorbed. Use the letter, P, Q or R to identify each blood vessel. Table 4.1 substance transported by blood letter of blood vessel in glucose ……… oxygen ……… urea ……… Write the letters for the blood vessels with the highest concentration of each substance in the spaces on Table 4.1. For Examiner's Use Amino acids are absorbed from the small intestine and transported to the liver. Describe how the liver is involved in the metabolism of amino acids. Describe the effects on the liver of the following. insulin released from the pancreas adrenaline released from the adrenal glands excessive long-term consumption of alcohol For Examiner's Use Cholesterol can accumulate in the gall bladder to form gall stones. These gall stones may stop bile flowing from the liver through the bile duct and into the duodenum. Explain the possible effect of gall stones on the digestion of fat.
13. Excretion in humans  →  13.1. Excretion in humans
14. Coordination and response  →  14.4. Homeostasis
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5
For Examiner's Use The egg cell is the female gamete. shows an ovum at the time of ovulation. The ovum is surrounded by a ‘jelly coat’ and many follicle cells. 0.14 mm egg cell ‘jelly coat’ follicle cells Calculate the magnification of the egg cell as shown in . Show your working and express your answer to the nearest whole number. answer = State three ways in which the structure of an egg cell, as shown in , differs from the structure of a sperm cell. Meiosis is involved in the production of male and female gametes. Explain why it is important that meiosis occurs during the production of gametes. For Examiner's Use Some women are unable to become pregnant because they or their partner are infertile. Suggest one reason why a man may be infertile and one reason why a woman may be infertile. man woman One way to treat infertility in a woman is to use artificial insemination (Ausing her partner’s sperm. The stages involved in AI are as follows. 1. If the doctor decides that AI is suitable, the woman will be given a course of a fertility drug at an appropriate stage of her menstrual cycle. 2. After two weeks, ultrasound is used to find out when the woman is likely to ovulate. 3. Sperm are collected from the man. 4. The sperm are placed into the uterus of the woman near the time of ovulation. 5. The woman is given an injection of a hormone to encourage the corpus luteum in the ovary to secrete progesterone. Explain why the sperm must be placed in the uterus near the time of ovulation. For Examiner's Use Explain why it is important that progesterone is secreted after ovulation. The success rate of AI is about 16 %. Suggest how the success rate of AI is calculated.
16. Reproduction  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans
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6
For Examiner's Use Explain why it is important to recycle paper rather than burn it. When paper is recycled printing ink has to be removed. Printing ink contains lipid-based compounds. The ink is removed by making the paper into a pulp and mixing it with lipase for several hours. Scientists in India discovered that the marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus, produces lipase. They carried out an investigation to find out whether using V. alginolyticus to remove ink from paper pulp was as effective as mixing it with a solution of lipase. The bacteria were found to be more effective at removing the ink from the paper pulp than using the solution of lipase. Suggest why. For Examiner's Use The scientists also investigated the effect of temperature on the ability of the bacteria to remove ink from paper pulp. They found that bacteria kept at high temperatures did not remove ink from the paper pulp. Explain why.
21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.2. Biotechnology
21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.1. Biotechnology and genetic modification
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