0610_w06_qp_3
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
5
Year:
2006
Paper:
3
Variant:
0
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1
For Examiner's Use shows five mammals. body length A B C D E (mammals not drawn to scale) Use the key to identify each of these mammals. Write the letter for each mammal in Table 1.1. 1 tail more than half that of body length go to 2 tail less than half that of body length go to 4 2 ears at top of head, with thick tail Sciurus caroliniensis ears at side of head, with thin tail go to 3 3 nose pointed, nose length longer than its depth Sorex araneus nose blunt, nose length shorter than its depth Clethrionomys glareolus 4 front legs as wide or wider than long Talpa europaea front legs longer than wide Oryctolagus cuniculus For Examiner's Use Table 1.1 name of mammal letter Clethrionomys glareolus Oryctolagus cuniculus Sciurus caroliniensis Sorex araneus Talpa europaea shows a young deer feeding from its mother. State two features of the deer, visible in , that distinguish mammals from other vertebrates. For Examiner's Use A human tooth was suspended in hydrochloric acid and left for 24 hours, as shown in . When the tooth was removed and washed, the lower part, to which the cotton was attached, was no longer hard, but soft and rubbery. After replacing the tooth in the acid for another 24 hours, the rest of the tooth was also soft. glass rod cotton thread hydrochloric acid tooth Name the part of the tooth to which the cotton was attached. Name the type of human tooth used in this experiment. State two reasons for your answer. Type of tooth Reason 1 Reason 2 With reference to tooth structure, suggest and explain why the lower part of the tooth became soft before the upper part. For Examiner's Use shows a tube of ‘White Teeth’ toothpaste. WHITE TEETH pH 8.5 contains: sodium fluoride antibacterial agent State and explain two reasons why regular brushing with this toothpaste would help to protect teeth from decay. Brushing is not the only way of protecting teeth from decay. State two other ways of maintaining healthy teeth.
7. Human nutrition  →  7.3. Physical digestion
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3
For Examiner's Use In 2003, 25 000 square kilometres of Amazon rainforest were cut down and cleared. The land was then used for agriculture, producing beef and soya beans for export. However, within three years the land was no longer suitable for agriculture and had to be abandoned. State the term used for cutting down and clearing areas of forest. Complete Table 3.1, to state different reasons why forests are cut down. The first has been done for you. Table 3.1 reason for agricultural land Outline and explain the likely effects of clearing forests. For Examiner's Use Soya beans and beef produced on the land are both good sources of protein. Table 3.2 shows the nutritional content of products made from soya and beef. Table 3.2 nutritional content per 100 g of product product energy / kJ protein / g saturated fat / g fibre / g corned beef 26.9 12.1 0.0 soya sausages 19.0 2.1 2.0 Using data from Table 3.2, state and explain two reasons why soya sausages may be healthier than corned beef as a major item in the diet. Soya beans are harvested from plants. Corned beef is produced from cattle that have fed on grass. Explain why it is more energy efficient for humans to eat soya products as a source of protein than corned beef. Use the food chains involved to support your answer.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.1. Food supply
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4
For Examiner's Use shows the change in percentage of disease-causing bacteria that were resistant to the antibiotic penicillin from 1991 to 1995. time / years percentage of bacteria resistant to penicillin Describe the change in the percentage of bacteria resistant to penicillin between 1991 and 1995. Explain how a population of antibiotic-resistant bacteria can develop. For Examiner's Use Although bacteria can cause disease, many species are useful in processes such as food production and maintaining soil fertility. Name one type of food produced using bacteria. Outline the role of bacteria in maintaining soil fertility. For Examiner's Use Bacteria are also used in genetic engineering. outlines the process of inserting human insulin genes into bacteria using genetic engineering. isolated plasmids DNA plasmid DNA thread isolated insulin gene production of insulin Human cell Bacterium chromosomes in nucleus
21. Biotechnology and genetic modification  →  21.2. Biotechnology
15. Drugs  →  15.1. Drugs
18. Variation and selection  →  18.3. Selection
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5
For Examiner's Use A typical dicotyledonous leaf contains a number of different types of cells, including: guard cells, palisade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll and upper epidermal cells. Using the types of cells listed above, complete the table by writing the types of cells in the order that sunlight passes through them, stating the proportion of chloroplasts in each of the types of cells. Use the terms none, some and many. type of cell number of chloroplasts Stomatal pores are surrounded by pairs of guard cells. When the stomata are closed the rate of photosynthesis is affected, due to a limiting factor. Write a balanced equation, using chemical symbols, for the process of photosynthesis. Define the term limiting factor. State the factor that limits photosynthesis when the stomata are closed. For Examiner's Use Vascular bundles, containing xylem and phloem tissue, are situated in the leaf. Describe the structure of xylem tissue. State the functions of xylem and phloem. Function of xylem Function of phloem Some plants close their stomata during the hottest part of the day, despite the effect on photosynthesis. Suggest what benefit this might be to the plants.
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.2. Leaf structure
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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6
For Examiner's Use shows a side view of the female reproductive system. Using label lines and the letters given, label the following on . S. where the penis is inserted during sexual intercourse D. where a diaphragm would be placed to prevent pregnancy M. where an ovum matures F. where an ovum would be fertilised E. where an embryo would become implanted Explain how the ovum passes down to the uterus, the structure of a sperm enables it to reach the ovum, a zygote has a diploid number of chromosomes, For Examiner's Use the level of a hormone which prevents menstruation remains high during pregnancy, even after the corpus luteum has broken down.
16. Reproduction  →  16.4. Sexual reproduction in humans
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