0610_w10_qp_31
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
7
Year:
2010
Paper:
3
Variant:
1
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1
For Examiner's Use shows a vertical section through a flower of soybean, Glycine max, following self-pollination. shows part of the section at a higher magnification. stigma A A B C Name the parts labelled A to C shown in Figs. 1.1 and 1.2. A B C For Examiner's Use Describe what happens to the structures shown in Figs. 1.1 and 1.2 to bring about fertilisation. You may refer to the structures labelled A to C by their letters if you wish. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of self-pollination for flowering plants, such as soybean. advantages disadvantages Soybean is a dicotyledonous plant. Name the genus to which the soybean belongs. State two features which are only found in dicotyledonous plants. 1. 2.
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
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2
For Examiner's Use The human menstrual cycle is controlled by four hormones. is a diagram that shows the site of production and the target organs of these hormones. pituitary gland Z uterus hormone X hormone Y LH progesterone days 1 to 14 of the menstrual cycle days 15 to 28 of the menstrual cycle secreted at day 12-13 Name hormones X and Y. X Y Name organ Z. For Examiner's Use Describe the roles of progesterone during the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy. Many medical experts agree that breast-feeding of babies is better than bottle-feeding using formula milk. State two advantages and one disadvantage of breast-feeding. advantage 1 advantage 2 disadvantage
16. Reproduction  →  16.5. Sex hormones in humans
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3
For Examiner's Use Define the term aerobic respiration. During exercise the movement of the ribcage enables air to enter the lungs. Describe how the ribcage is moved during inspiration (breathing in) and explain how this causes air to enter the lungs. Explain how the ribcage returns to its resting position during expiration (breathing out). For Examiner's Use Some students carried out an investigation on a 16-year old athlete. Table 3.1 shows the results of their investigation on the athlete’s breathing at rest and immediately after 20 minutes of running. Ventilation rate is the volume of air taken into the lungs per minute. Table 3.1 at rest immediately after 20 minutes of running rate of breathing / breaths per minute average volume of air taken in with each breath / dm3 0.5 3.5 ventilation rate / dm3 per minute 6.0 …………. Calculate the ventilation rate of the athlete immediately after 20 minutes of running. Write your answer in Table 3.1. Explain why the athlete has a high ventilation rate after the exercise has finished.
11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans
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4
For Examiner's Use The lymphatic system consists of: • thin-walled lymph vessels that drain tissue fluid from many organs of the body • lymph nodes that contain the cells of the immune system The fluid in the lymph vessels is moved in a way similar to the movement of blood in veins. shows part of the lymphatic system. vena cava ileum from legs from head direction of flow of lymph Suggest how lymph is moved in the lymph vessels. For Examiner's Use After a meal rich in fatty foods, the lymph leaving the ileum is full of fat droplets. Explain why there are fat droplets in the lymph leaving the ileum. For Examiner's Use Lymph flows through lymph nodes. shows the action of white blood cells in a lymph node when bacteria are present. P P P bacteria Q cell R not to scale Name the type of nuclear division shown at P in . Name the molecules labelled Q in . Describe how bacteria are destroyed by cell R. For Examiner's Use Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections. An investigation was carried out into the effect of prescribing antibiotics on antibiotic resistance in 20 countries. shows the results of this investigation. Each point represents the result for a country. percentage of population taking antibiotics percentage of bacterial infections that are antibiotic resistant Describe the results shown in . Credit will be given for using figures from to support your answer. For Examiner's Use Many different antibiotics are used. Suggest why some antibiotics are used less frequently than others.
15. Drugs  →  15.1. Drugs
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5
For Examiner's Use Marine conservationists are concerned that fish stocks in the sea are decreasing. Drastic measures will have to be taken to stop the extinction of many fish species. shows a marine food web. Tuna are large carnivorous fish that are an important human food. Dolphins may be caught in fishermen’s nets and die. photosynthetic algae growing on reefs herbivorous fish zooplankton photosynthetic plankton small carnivorous fish squid tuna dolphins trophic level fishing boat State the names given to trophic levels 1 and 3. For Examiner's Use Explain why it is more energy efficient for humans to eat herbivorous fish rather than tuna. Explain why it is necessary to conserve animals, such as tuna and dolphins, which are at trophic level 4. Many seas are polluted by non-biodegradable plastics. Suggest the likely effects of this pollutant on the marine environment.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.2. Food chains and food webs
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6
For Examiner's Use Daphnia is a small arthropod animal found in freshwater. The population of Daphnia in a lake in Oregon (in the northern temperate region) was sampled at regular intervals between March and November in 2006 and 2007. During 2006 there were very few Daphnia in any of the samples. At the end of that year fish were removed from the lake. • The population of Daphnia in March, April and May 2007 was 1 animal per m3 of water sampled. • The population then increased exponentially to 100 000 per m3 at the beginning of July. • By the end of August the population had decreased to 10 000 per m3 and the population remained at this number until the end of November. Sketch a line on to show the population of Daphnia from March to the end of November 2007. Mar Nov Oct Sept Aug July June May Apr 100 000 10 000 numbers of Daphnia per m3 For Examiner's Use Suggest why there were very few Daphnia present in the lake in 2006. Explain the changes in the population of Daphnia in 2007.
19. Organisms and their environment  →  19.4. Populations
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7
For Examiner's Use Seeds of the mung bean, Phaseolus aureus, were germinated and grown in a dish for a few days in the dark. The dish was then placed as shown in A. B shows the seedlings after a further two days in the dark. A B Name the response shown by the roots in . Suggest why the seedlings were kept in the dark during this investigation. Explain why it is important for their early growth that the roots and shoots of seedlings respond in the way shown in B. For Examiner's Use The response shown by the shoots in B is coordinated by auxins. Explain how auxins bring about this growth response in shoots. Weed seedlings are sprayed with synthetic auxins to kill them. Suggest how these weedkillers spread throughout the plant.
14. Coordination and response  →  14.5. Tropic responses
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
3. Movement into and out of cells  →  3.2. Osmosis
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