0610_w10_qp_33
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
6
Year:
2010
Paper:
3
Variant:
3
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1
For Examiner's Use shows seven species of fish that live on reefs in the Caribbean. A B C D E F G Drawings not to scale For Examiner's Use Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside the key. One has been done for you. Key 1 Body shape is long and narrow, at least 10 times as long as its depth go to 2 Body shape is not long and narrow, less than 10 times long as its depth go to 3 2 Fins are pointed Aulostomus maculatus F Fins are smooth Gymnothorax moringa 3 Both eyes are on top of the head go to 4 Eyes are on either side of the head go to 5 4 Tail fin is long and thin Dasyatis americana Tail fin is short Bothus ocellatus 5 Fish has one or several dark spots go to 6 Fish has no dark spots Epinephelus striatus 6 Fish has two fins on its back Pseudupeneus maculatus Fish has more than two fins on its back Chaetodon capistratus For Examiner's Use The wavelengths of light that penetrate water influence the features of fish. Blue light does not penetrate far into water; red light penetrates much further. Many different species of cichlid fish live in Lake Victoria in Africa. Some species live in shallow water and others live in deeper water. Table 1.2 summarises some of the features of males and females of these species. Table 1.2 habitat body colour of males retina in eyes of females shallow water blue detects blue light deep water red detects red light Body colour and colour vision are both inherited features. Females select the males that they mate with and prefer bright coloured males. Male and female eyes of the same species of cichlid fish are similar. The ancestors of red and blue cichlid fish were brown. State how the different body colours of the males first happened. Suggest the advantages of different cichlid fish being able to detect blue and red light. For Examiner's Use Lake Victoria receives considerable pollution from the surrounding area which makes the water cloudier and reduces the penetration of blue light. Suggest and explain the likely long-term effects of the cloudy water on the red and blue cichlid fish.
9. Transport in animals  →  9.1. Circulatory systems
17. Inheritance  →  17.4. Monohybrid inheritance
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.4. Conservation
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2
For Examiner's Use shows a diagram of human skin in hot weather. A B capillaries arteriole C D Name structures A to D. A B C D For Examiner's Use Describe how the structures (A to D) in the skin help to maintain a constant body temperature. You may refer to the structures by their letters. Blood flow through the skin changes in response to changes in the air temperature. State and explain what happens to blood flow through the skin when the temperature of the surrounding air becomes very cold. Explain how the changes you have described in reduce heat loss. For Examiner's Use The control of body temperature is an example of negative feedback. Describe how negative feedback is involved in the control of body temperature.
14. Coordination and response  →  14.4. Homeostasis
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3
For Examiner's Use Enzymes are biological catalysts. shows how the enzyme, sucrase, breaks down a molecule of sucrose. sucrose sucrase H2O glucose fructose Describe how sucrase catalyses the breakdown of sucrose. You should refer to in your answer. For Examiner's Use Three enzymes, P, Q and R, were extracted from different regions of the alimentary canal of a mammal. The effect of pH on the activity of the enzymes was investigated at 40 oC. The results are shown in . pH rate of enzyme activity / arbitrary units P Q R Explain why the investigation was carried out at 40 oC. Using information in , describe the effects of increasing pH on the rate of activity of enzyme Q. For Examiner's Use Enzymes increase the rate of breakdown of different types of food substances in digestion. Name enzymes P, Q and R. P Q R Some baby foods are manufactured by pre-digesting foodstuffs containing carbohydrates, fats and proteins with enzymes. Describe the roles of different types of enzymes in preparing these baby foods.
5. Enzymes  →  5.1. Enzymes
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4
For Examiner's Use The growth of the human population of Brazil between the years 1500 and 2005 is shown in . 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 year population / millions Compare the growth curve shown in with a sigmoid growth curve. For Examiner's Use Table 4.1 shows information on deforestation in four South American countries that have extensive tropical rainforests. (1 hectare = 10 000 m2.) Table 4.1 area of forest / millions of hectares country deforestation - area of forest lost as percentage of forested area in Brazil 520.0 478.0 Bolivia 63.0 59.0 6.4 Colombia 61.7 61.0 1.1 Peru 70.4 69.0 2.0 Calculate the percentage loss of forest in Brazil between 1990 and 2005. Show your working. Answer % State two reasons why forests are cut down. 1. 2. For Examiner's Use Outline the effects of large scale deforestation on the following aspects of the environment. number of species soils rivers atmosphere For Examiner's Use Drinks cartons have proved difficult to recycle because they are made of plastic, aluminium and paper. A factory in Brazil uses new technology to recycle all these components as raw materials for the packaging industry. Explain the importance for the environment of developing technologies for recycling materials, such as those found in drinks cartons.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.4. Conservation
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.2. Habitat destruction
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6
For Examiner's Use shows the changes in the concentrations of four hormones during one menstrual cycle. time / days relative concentration of the hormones in the blood Y X LH LH FSH FSH LH FSH time / days relative concentration of the hormones in the blood Y X progesterone progesterone oestrogen oestrogen progesterone oestrogen For Examiner's Use State what happens at X and at Y during the menstrual cycle. X Y Describe the roles of oestrogen in controlling the menstrual cycle. Some women who cannot conceive may be treated with FSH. Describe how FSH is used as a fertility drug and how it may allow a woman to conceive. Suggest one implication of using fertility drugs. Question 6 continues on page 20 Copyright Acknowledgements: Figure 1.1 © Domroese, M ; Treasures in the Sea; Our Bahamian Marine Resources. An Educator's Guide to Teaching Marine Biodiversity; Bahamas National Trust, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History, Bahamas Ministry of Education, Youth, Sports and Culture; 2007. For Examiner's Use Explain why it is important that FSH is not secreted during pregnancy.
16. Reproduction  →  16.5. Sex hormones in humans
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