0610_w12_qp_31
A paper of Biology, 0610
Questions:
6
Year:
2012
Paper:
3
Variant:
1
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1
For Examiner's Use Arachnids, crustaceans, insects and myriapods are all classified as arthropods. Scorpions, such as Heterometrus swammerdami shown in , are arachnids. abdomen tail cephalothorax eyes pedipalp jaw State three features, shown by H. swammerdami and visible in , that arachnids share with other arthropods. For Examiner's Use shows seven species of arachnid. A D G C E B F not to scale For Examiner's Use Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside the key. One has been done for you. Key 1 Abdomen with a tail Abaliella dicranotarsalis E Abdomen without a tail go to 2 2 Legs much longer than abdomen and cephalothorax go to 3 Legs not much longer than abdomen and cephalothorax go to 4 3 Hairs on the legs Tegenaria domestica No hairs on the legs Odielus spinosus 4 Cephalothorax or abdomen segmented Chelifer tuberculatus Cephalothorax and abdomen not segmented go to 5 5 Abdomen and cephalothorax about the same size Poecilotheria regalis Abdomen larger than cephalothorax go to 6 6 Body covered in long hairs Tyroglyphus longior Body not covered in hairs Ixodes hexagonus
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms  →  1.3. Features of organisms
1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms  →  1.1. Characteristics of living organisms
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2
For Examiner's Use Blood flows through the hepatic portal vein from some organs to the liver. shows the hepatic portal vein and these organs. liver spleen hepatic portal vein Blood in the hepatic portal vein is deoxygenated. Explain why the blood in the hepatic portal vein is deoxygenated rather than oxygenated. For Examiner's Use Name four organs, other than the spleen, that are shown in and from which blood flows into the hepatic portal vein. Describe the role of the hepatic portal vein in the transport of absorbed nutrients. Explain how the liver is involved in regulating the composition of the blood and in protecting the body against toxic substances. For Examiner's Use The spleen contains lymphatic tissue which is full of phagocytes and lymphocytes. Describe how phagocytes and lymphocytes protect the body against the spread of disease-causing organisms. phagocytes lymphocytes
9. Transport in animals  →  9.3. Blood vessels
9. Transport in animals  →  9.4. Blood
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3
For Examiner's Use The ribcage and diaphragm are involved in the breathing mechanism to ventilate the lungs. is a flow chart that shows the changes that take place when breathing in. air enters the which are the site of gaseous exchange atmospheric pressure is than air pressure in the lungs pressure of air in the lungs air moves the lungs volume of thorax diaphragm is ribcage is raised diaphragm muscles contract external intercostal muscles contract Complete by writing appropriate words in the spaces provided. For Examiner's Use shows part of the epithelium that lines the trachea. A B Explain how the cells labelled A and B in protect the gas exchange system. A B
11. Gas exchange in humans  →  11.1. Gas exchange in humans
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4
For Examiner's Use Complete the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis. light + + chlorophyll A student investigated the effect of increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide on the rate of photosynthesis of Cabomba, an aquatic plant. shows the apparatus that the student used. gas bubble syringe lamp ruler plastic tubing meniscus capillary tubing sodium hydrogencarbonate (NaHCO3) solution Cabomba The concentration of carbon dioxide in the water surrounding the plant was changed by adding different concentrations of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution to the water. The student recorded the time taken for the meniscus to travel 50 mm down the tubing. The rate of photosynthesis was calculated as: rate of photosynthesis = 1000 t where t = time taken in seconds for the meniscus to travel 50 mm. For Examiner's Use The student’s results are shown in Table 4.1. Table 4.1 concentration of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution / mol per dm3 t, time taken for meniscus to travel 50 mm / s rate of photosynthesis (1000/t) 0.00 0.20 0.01 0.40 0.02 0.85 0.05 2.86 0.07 0.10 5.03 Calculate the rate of photosynthesis for the concentration of sodium hydrogencarbonate solution of 0.07 mol per dm3. Write your answer in Table 4.1. Explain why the lamp must be kept at a fixed distance from the syringe. Explain what caused the meniscus to move down the capillary tubing. For Examiner's Use is a partially completed graph of the student’s results. Complete the graph by labelling the axes, adding the missing point and drawing a suitable line. 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 1.0 0.0 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.00 0.02 For Examiner's Use Explain, using the term limiting factors, the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis as shown by the student’s results. You will gain credit for using the data in the table and the graph to answer the question.
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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5
For Examiner's Use Table 5.1 shows some information about air pollution. Table 5.1 pollutant source of air pollutant effect of pollutant on the environment ……………. combustion of fossil fuels increased greenhouse effect and global warming methane ……………………………… ……………………………… increased greenhouse effect and global warming sulfur dioxide combustion of high sulfur fuels acid rain nitrogen oxides fertilisers acid rain Complete Table 5.1 by writing answers in the spaces indicated. Explain how the increased greenhouse effect is thought to lead to global warming. For Examiner's Use shows changes in the emissions of sulfur dioxide in Europe between 1880 and 2004. emissions of sulfur dioxide / millions of tonnes per year 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 year 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Use the information in to describe the changes in the emissions of sulfur dioxide in Europe between 1880 and 2004. For Examiner's Use Describe the effects of acid rain on the environment. Outline the methods that have been used to reduce the emissions of sulfur dioxide.
20. Human influences on ecosystems  →  20.3. Pollution
6. Plant nutrition  →  6.1. Photosynthesis
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6
The flowers of pea plants, Pisum sativum, are produced for sexual reproduction. The flowers are naturally self-pollinating, but they can be cross-pollinated by insects. Explain the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination. For Examiner's Use Explain the disadvantages for plants, such as P. sativum, of reproducing sexually. Pea seeds develop inside pea pods after fertilisation. They contain starch. A gene controls the production of an enzyme involved in the synthesis of starch grains. The allele, R, codes for an enzyme that produces normal starch grains. This results in seeds that are round. The allele, r, does not code for the enzyme. The starch grains are not formed normally. This results in seeds that are wrinkled. shows round and wrinkled pea seeds. round pea seed wrinkled pea seed Pure bred plants are homozygous for the gene concerned. A plant breeder had some pure bred pea plants that had grown from round seeds and some pure bred plants that had grown from wrinkled seeds. State the genotypes of the pure bred plants that had grown from round and from wrinkled seeds. round wrinkled For Examiner's Use These pure bred plants were cross-pollinated (cross 1) and the seeds collected. All the seeds were round. These round seeds were germinated, grown into adult plants (offspring 1) and self-pollinated (cross 2). The pods on the offspring 1 plants contained both round and wrinkled seeds. Further crosses (3 and 4) were carried out as shown in Table 6.1. Table 6.1 phenotype of seeds in the seed pods cross round seeds wrinkled seeds ratio of round to wrinkled seeds pure bred for round seeds x pure bred for wrinkled seeds   1:0 offspring 1 self-pollinated   offspring 1 x pure bred for round seeds offspring 1 x pure bred for wrinkled seeds Complete Table 6.1 by indicating • the type of seeds present in the pods with a tick () or a cross () • the ratio of round to wrinkled seeds. You may use the space below and on page 22 for any rough working. For Examiner's Use Seed shape in peas is an example of discontinuous variation. Suggest one reason why seed shape is an example of discontinuous variation. Plants have methods to disperse their seeds over a wide area. Explain the advantages of having seeds that are dispersed over a wide area,
16. Reproduction  →  16.3. Sexual reproduction in plants
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